Human Implanted Microchip Authentication System

Human Implanted Microchip Authentication System Microchip implantation as an authenticating technology, also covers authorization and access control, is gaining more concerns nowadays. This paper introduced some aspects of Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) technology. We took a look at the properties and functionalities of implanted microchip authentication systems and problems could happen if physically, financially or technically varied upon circumstance. Lastly we compared implanted microchip with fingerprints, iris scan, and tokens as a measure of authentication. Table of content Introduction Microchip authentication system properties Background: What is microchip implantationdefinition, and how it authenticates what are the properties and functions of human microchip authentication system Briefly describe: Establishment of the system, ways of injection and manufacturer. Implementation- how the system works, with respect to authentication, authorization, privacy/ information transmission control, and federation Development how it developed from the past and the analysis of the current market, develop /future trend and limitation/challenge (cost effective, public acknowledge, privacy control), maintenance, feedback reporting, issue brought Comparison with others,advantages, weakness Problems solution Security(something you have and something you are), convenience, reliability, fast, information tracking, easily carry Physical/ medical, health Technical support development Ethical, public acknowledge Legislation Energy source/ replacement Privacy /info transmission control, read/write, tracking Conclusion Reference Introduction Microchip implantation as a method of identification has drew a lot of attention in recent years. As the need for more secure and efficient authentication device is emphasized, microchip implantation is becoming very competitive and controversial. Further study in Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) with human microchip implantation proves that authenticating an identity without carrying around anything you have or remembering something you might forget is very convenient. Such unique technology cannot be duplicated or forged easily, which makes authenticating processes secure and fast RFID had been used to identify Allied airplanes dated back to World War II. From then on, tracking animals or even items through the supply chain nowadays becomes more commonly used. However, when the technology is extended to humans, huge amount of applications could be developed since microchips have the capability to find lost people, or to determine illegal immigrants or criminals. Although microchips could accomplish the demand for authentication perfectly when carrying and identifying, it did not have a significant way of managing selected information. Problems and potential threats could also happen if physically, financially or technically varied upon circumstance. The control of information it stores, technical support and demanding equipment of the chip, moreover, moral and legislation enhancement has been brought up. However, there are more potential benefits associated as a controversial technology. This paper mainly discusses authentication system developed by human implanted RFID microchip, in comparisons with some other authentications, and further researches on identity and access management of microchips are presented. Background Human microchip implant is a form of Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) tag encased in silicate glass with a size of a grain of rice and injected into humans body(Figure 1). Usually a subdermal implant involves a unique 16-digit ID number and directs to the information that stored in an external database. The first reported implantation was used to open doors, switch on lights and similar tests in 1998. Some years later in 2004, VeriChip Corporation officially got the approval from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration(FDA) for medical uses in humans. They changed the name of the company to be Positive ID Corporation in 2009, and named the implantable chip to be VeriChip(Microchip implant (human),2010). Figure 1 The core of implantable chip is RFID tag, which consists of a microchip with identification codes and an antenna attached to it. Data stored on the chip can be transmitted through the wireless antenna, and can be scanned at varying distances with special reader devices that operates the same frequency as the chip. Different companies run their systems on different frequencies anywhere in a range of 125 KHz to 915 MHz. Although it makes each other unreadable if the readers have different frequencies, it may not be a problem in the future. As passive emitters have no onboard battery, they send signals only when a reader powers them within a certain range, usually a few feet at most(e.g. 30 feet). Active emitters with internal power can have more than a hundred feet of range but require higher expanses. Depending on the manufacturers, chips could store certain amount of data such as name, address, and biometric data like fingerprint and other documents about the person who carries the R FID tag(Kim Zetter, 2005). Implementation Elaine M. Ramesh(N.D.) said in the article Time Enough? Consequences of Human Microchip Implantation, microchips could have three readability modes: read only, read-write and read-write with tracking capabilities. She indicates that read only character was not new, and it was thought to be used as an national identification card, and to reduce illegal immigrants. Another form of implanting microchip was to the tooth of a human, and simply scanning the teeth would identify someone. Read-write devices carry information that could be expanded if needed. This type of information is variable and programmable within a distance. For example, it could be modified without removing the implanted chip from human body, and stores large amount of data when required, even financial transactions, and credit card records. Criminal records might be particularly important for some companies when one were to apply for a job, this individual could be quickly scanned to view his background. Where this co uld also to replace the highway toll system with one scan, a bill will be posted to drivers account. Therefore, read-write type of microchip satisfies many commercial and governmental needs. Tracking is then executable when a read-write device emitted a radio signal. With the implanted microchip, by dialing up the correct signal will be able to track down a certain mobile identity. A special scanner is applied to read the unique identification code in the microchip in hospitals sot that medical person could input the code into database to get records for a patient in this most time-saving way especially when the patient is unable to communicate. For security uses, implanted chips can be act as an electronic key to gain highly sensitive accesses or to unlock a car with a wave of the hand or even contactless payment could be achieved(Legislative Briefs, 2006). RFID signals including all personal privacies like medical history and location can be encrypted, but hosts may be subject to compromise if the RFID database is cracked.. There are a lot of problems microchips potentially have, one problem is that ones privacy could be severely exposed while scanning; damage to human body when physically under pressure as the chip is planted beneath the skin; battery goes flat or hardware upgrading needs replacement. In terms of health concerns, some risks of VeriChip reported by FDA were stated in the Legislative Briefs(2006): adverse tissue reaction, migration of implanted transponder, electromagnetic interference, electrical hazards, and magnetic resonance imaging incompatibility. Kevin Bonsor and Candace Keener(2007) shows that in 1996, implants could cause cancerous tumors that affect body tissue in lab rats and mice. Although no further approval that cancer may appear on other animals, it still too risky to determine the positive effects on humans. We found that although microchips could accomplish the demand for authentication perfectly when carrying and identifying, it did not have a significant way of managing selected information. The secret information of the microchip carriers could exposed to unrelated person that works in between the organizations. VeriChip then developed annual fees depending on how much information you would like to store in the database, in addition to a one-time implantation fee(Kevin Bonsor and Candace Keener, 2007). Elaine M. Ramesh(N.D.)claims that in time microchip implantation would be mandatory although it is now a voluntary system. For sure, an argument of even having driver licence for everyone is not forced, how microchip implantation could overcome the barrier of religious and civil liberty for some people. Elaine quoted from Justice Cardozo that every human being of adult years and sound mind has a right to determine what shall be done with his own body. However, after the public knowing its advantages, implantation would not be far away. For example, a growth of 11% number of people agreed to accept health care ID number. Legislative measures must be taken into actions. Firstly, laws should protect weak individuals. Children might need a guardian to help on make decisions, and free to decide whether the implant should be kept at some age. If there is a contract signed, there should also be a way to end it, and even for a short time, the microchip carrier should always be free to instal l or remove a chip. Lastly, if none of the protection is strong enough to prevent mandatory implantation, the government must at least provide assurances. Furthermore, privacy of customers is always a big issue, they should be able to review their records and to correct them. Even once it takes action finally, a big worry is that massive implantation in human population will lead to large level of abuse(Legislative Briefs, 2006). Comparisons Unlike knowledge-based or object-based authenticators, ID-based authenticators are not easy to forge or lost. Knowledge-based is something you know, commonly password that cannot be shared with others. Object-based is something you have like photo ID or a token that cannot lose. Once something you are, a biometric is compromised, information are not that easy to replace as the previous ones. Typical physical type of biometric authentication is finger print, and iris scan that you are born to be capable of without learning any behaviour. Microchip implant involves both something you have and something you are, which is the highest level of security. However, like most biometric technologies, chips depend on machines. Once the scanning device has some errors occurred, battery went flat, or computing system went down, that all end up with a mess. As Lawrence OGorman(2003) stated that there are two types of biometric errors: verification and identification errors. Verification is one-to- one matching made to match against a single identity, where identification is one-to-many matching made to match one person in a database containing records plus many others. Statistics calculated from formulae of Lawrence OGorman show that the false nonmatch rate of finger print is in the range of 1%-2%, while iris scan is 0.25%. Iris is more accurate as it has six times more features than fingerprint but it arises more privacy concerns. Microchip is believed to be much less rate of error occuring as it does not have the difficulties of capturing of moving people or one at a certain distance by considering the technology itself only. Microchip flexibly relies on the chip and a reader, where iris scan requires stable position image taking, high resolution camera and run through large numbers of comparisons in database that are not as quite easy. However, it is undeniable that iris might be a better approach for now due to its lower equipment cost and less human rights arguments. The VeriChip Corporation had been sued regarding hospital figures, and subcutaneous sarcomas had been found around where microchip were implanted in mice Human microchip implantation can be fairly competitive when the devices being widely taken, well tested and universally acceptable in the future. Conclusion

Contrasting Places in Hurston’s Their Eyes Were Watching God :: Their Eyes Were Watching God Essays

Contrasting Places in Hurston’s Their Eyes Were Watching God In the novel â€Å"Their Eyes Were Watching God†, by Zora Neale Hurston there were many contrasting places that were used to represent opposed forces or ideas that are central to the meaning of this work. In the novel, Eatonville and the Everglades were two contrasting places. Eatonville, Florida was a place where Janie experienced many things in life. Janie Crawford grew here where her grandmother raised her. Eatonville was also a place where Janie had no freedom or choices. For example, Janie was forced into adulthood and love. Eatonville was the place of hurts, and insecurities to her. Eatonville was where Janie tried to find herself. She lived there for a long time but still did not find what she was looking for. The Everglades, often referred to as the Mucks, was where Janie now knew who she was and what she was looking for in life. It is where she had true love unlike in Eatonville, Florida. Eatonville was a place of trials, hurts, and pains but the Everglades were where Janie knew who she was as a person. The Everglades and Eatonville both represent Janie in two different ways. In Eatonville Janie was uncertain of who she was. Eatonville represents unsure, love, hate, abuse, and trials. The Everglades represents love, joy, and prosperity. Janie was now seeing the person she was or is and living that life. Janie found herself in the Everglades. This was what she was trying to do throughout her entire life. She was searching although she came across stressing situations for her identity. In this novel the two contrasting places shows Janie as being loss and shows Janie as being found. This novel stands on that theme. Sometimes one would be loss but the problem comes in when they are never found. In Eatonville there was love of force but in the Everglades there was love of choice. Janie was able to find the bee pollinating the flower. â€Å"So this was marriage†. The contrasting places examine true love. Contrasting Places in Hurston’s Their Eyes Were Watching God :: Their Eyes Were Watching God Essays Contrasting Places in Hurston’s Their Eyes Were Watching God In the novel â€Å"Their Eyes Were Watching God†, by Zora Neale Hurston there were many contrasting places that were used to represent opposed forces or ideas that are central to the meaning of this work. In the novel, Eatonville and the Everglades were two contrasting places. Eatonville, Florida was a place where Janie experienced many things in life. Janie Crawford grew here where her grandmother raised her. Eatonville was also a place where Janie had no freedom or choices. For example, Janie was forced into adulthood and love. Eatonville was the place of hurts, and insecurities to her. Eatonville was where Janie tried to find herself. She lived there for a long time but still did not find what she was looking for. The Everglades, often referred to as the Mucks, was where Janie now knew who she was and what she was looking for in life. It is where she had true love unlike in Eatonville, Florida. Eatonville was a place of trials, hurts, and pains but the Everglades were where Janie knew who she was as a person. The Everglades and Eatonville both represent Janie in two different ways. In Eatonville Janie was uncertain of who she was. Eatonville represents unsure, love, hate, abuse, and trials. The Everglades represents love, joy, and prosperity. Janie was now seeing the person she was or is and living that life. Janie found herself in the Everglades. This was what she was trying to do throughout her entire life. She was searching although she came across stressing situations for her identity. In this novel the two contrasting places shows Janie as being loss and shows Janie as being found. This novel stands on that theme. Sometimes one would be loss but the problem comes in when they are never found. In Eatonville there was love of force but in the Everglades there was love of choice. Janie was able to find the bee pollinating the flower. â€Å"So this was marriage†. The contrasting places examine true love.

The Assyrians :: essays research papers

The Assyrians There are different periods of the Assyrian empire. The first was called the Old Assyrian period which lasted from 2000-1550 BC. Then there was the Middle Assyrian period which lasted from 1550-1200 BC. The last was the Neo-Assyrian period which lasted from 1200-600 BC. The final phase of the Neo-Assyrian period is called the Assyrian Empire. The Old and Middle Assyrian periods ( 2000 - 1200 BC ) The name Ashur was used by the Assyrians to designate not only their country, but also their most ancient city and their national god. The cities of Ashur (near modern al-Sharqat), Nineveh, and Irbil formed a triangle that defined the original territory of Assyria. Assyria's early history was marked by frequent episodes of foreign rule. Assyria finally gained its independence around 2000 BC. About this time the Assyrians established a number of trading colonies in Cappadocia (central Anatolia), protected by treaties with local Hattic rulers. The most important of these was at Kultepe (Kanesh), north of present-day Kayseri, Turkey. Political developments Brought this enterprise to an end in 1750 BC. Assyria lost its independence to a dynasty of Amorite. Then Hammurabi of Babylon took over and established himself ruler of Assyria. The collapse of Hammurabi's Old Babylonian dynasty gave Assyria only temporary relief. It soon fell under the control of the Mitanni, until that state was destroyed by the Hittites c.1350 BC. The Early Neo-Assyrian Period (c.1200-600 BC) After the collapse of Mittanni, Assyria regained its independence and was able to hold it thanks to the weakness of its neighbors. The most important event in Assyrian history during the 13 century BC, was the capture of Babylon by King Tukulti-Ninurta (r.1244-1208 BC). Although the conquest was short-lived the memory of it remained strong. In the following centuries the chief adversaries of the Assyrians were the Aramaeans, who settled in Syria and along the upper Tigris and the Euphrates rivers, where they founded a number of states. In the 9th century BC, under Ashurnasirpal II (r.883-859 BC) and Shalmaneser III (859- 824 BC), the Assyrians finally managed to conquer Bit-Adini (Beth-Eden), the most powerful Aramaen state on the upper Euphrates. Shalmaneser then tried to invade the Syrian heartland, where he met with serious resistance from a coalition of kings that included Ahab of Israel. They successfully opposed him at the battle karkar in 853 BC. Internal disagreements marked the end of Shalmaneser's reign, and many of his conquests were lost. Assyrian power began with Tiglath-Peleser III (r. 745-727 BC) taking over the throne. He began on administrative reforms aimed at strengthening royal authority over the provinces. Districts were reduced in size and placed under

Sonnys blues Essay -- essays research papers

â€Å"Sonny’s Blues† by James Baldwin relies on music to convey the theme of hardships for both Sonny and his older brother. The relationship between the two siblings is rocky. â€Å"I didn't write Sonny or send him anything for a long time.† said the older brother. Jazz is able to bring both of them closer together and have a better understanding of one another. With the older brother appreciating Sonny’s love for jazz it also allows him to the troubles in both their lives. Through Sonny’s music he was able to help his brother’s pain and in return his brother was able to help him. At first the older brother said, â€Å"I simply couldn't see why on earth he'd want to spend his time hanging around nightclubs, clowning around on bandstands," but towards the end of his brothers performance his views changed. He sends Sonny a drink after his performance and Sonny nods back to him. This represents the acknowledgment that Sonny now has his o lder brother’s approval. Even though Sonny and his brother still have different views and understandings of music it is still their own opinion. Their relationship and bond strengthen with the help of music. The story would be very different is the element changed. Sonny used jazz music as an outlet to express all of his emotions and tell his life. When his brother understood Sonny’s reason for loving music just by listening to him play it shows how universal music can be. Sonny’s older brother has entered into the white soc...

Breast Cancer Essay -- essays research papers

BREAST CANCER I) Anatomy of the breast   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The breast is a gland designed to make milk.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   II) What is breast cancer?   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Breast cancer is an abnormal growth of cells.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  These abnormal growths are called tumors. Not all tumors are cancerous.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Non-cancerous tumors – benign   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Cancerous tumors – malignant   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  If not treated the cancer may spread to other parts of the body.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Breast cancer is the most common malignancy in women and the   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  second leading cause of cancer death next to lung cancer.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The incidence of breast cancer is very low in women in their twenties,   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  plateaus at 45 and the increase dramatically after fifty. Fifty   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  percent of breast cancer is diagnosed in women over sixty-five. III) Risk factors   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Early onset of menses/menstrual cycle prior to age 12   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Menopause   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Diets high in saturated fats   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Family history   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Late or no pregnancies   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Moderate alcohol intake   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Smoking   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  History of prior breast cancer   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Estrogen replacement therapy   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Therapeutic radiation to chest wall   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Gene mutations   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Moderate obesity   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Female **Every woman is at some risk for breast cancer (does not necessarily mean that just because it does not run in your family that you will not develop breast cancer – According to the National Breast Cancer Foundation 85% of women with breast cancer have a negative family history   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   IV) Symptoms/Early signs   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  A lump in or near your breast   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  A change in the size or shape of your breast   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  &nbs... ...run in your family, you will not get it.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  NO – every woman has some risk of breast cancer, 85% of women who get breast   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  cancer has no known family history   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Only your mother’s family history of breast cancer can affect your risk.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  NO – a history in your mother or father’s family will influence equally   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Using antiperspirants causes breast cancer.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  NO – there is no evidence that influences breast cancer risk   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Birth control pills cause breast cancer.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  NO – most birth control pills contain a low dose of estrogens and progesterone   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  (they however can provide protection against ovarian cancer)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Breast cancer diagnosis is an automatic death sentence   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  NO – 96% of women diagnosed with breast cancer live at least 5 years, more than   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  70% will survive 10 years

Fiber Optics :: essays research papers fc

Fiber Optics Fiber Optic Cable Facts "A relatively new technology with vast potential importance, fiber optics is the channeled transmission of light through hair-thin glass fibers." [ Less expensive than copper cables [ Raw material is silica sand [ Less expensive to maintain If damaged, restoration time is faster (although more users are affected) [ Backbone to the Information Superhighway Information (data and voice) is transmitted through the fiber digitally by the use of high speed LASERs (Light Amplification through the Simulated Emission of Radiation) or LEDs (Light Emitting Diodes). Each of these methods create a highly focused beam of light that is cycled on and off at very high speeds. Computers at the transmitting end convert data or voice into "bits" of information. The information is then sent through the fiber by the presence, or lack, of light. Computers on the receiving end convert the light back into data or voice, so it can be used. ORIGIN OF FIBER OPTICS Information (data and voice) is transmitted through the fiber digitally by the use of high speed LASERs (Light Amplification through the Simulated Emission of Radiation) or LEDs (Light Emitting Diodes). Each of these methods create a highly focused beam of light that is cycled on and off at very high speeds. Computers at the transmitting end convert data or voice into "bits" of information. The information is then sent through the fiber by the presence, or lack, of light. So, all of the data is sent light pulses. Computers on the receiving end convert the light back into data or voice, so it can be used. All of this seems to be a very "modern" concept, and the technology we use is. The concept though, was the idea of Alexander Graham Bell in the late 1800's. He just didn't have a dependable light source... some days the sun doesn't shine! He thought of the idea that our voices could be transmitted by pulses of light. The people who thought that audio, video, and other forms of data could be transmitted by light through cables, were present day scientists. Most of the things that are possible today, Alexander Grahm Bell could never even have dreamed of. Although the possibility of lightwave communications occurred to Alexander Graham Bell (who invented the telephone), his ideas couldn't be used until the LASER or LED had been invented. Most of these advances occurred in the 1970s, and by 1977 glass-purifying and other fiber-optic manufacturing techniques had also reached the stage where interoffice lightwave communications were possible. With further technological development, many intercity routes were in operation by 1985, and some transoceanic routes had been completed by 1990.

Balancing School Essay

The biggest challenge for many of us is how to balance our studies, work and family demands. While we want happy fulfilling lives outside of family, work and school, we have to make personal sacrifices in order to be successful in life. Since time is precious, keeping a balance between three worlds can be a challenge. Fortunately, with proper planning, balance is possible. Every day, I have to make choices and manage my time incredibly well in order to be able to balance my online studies, my work and family demands. In my opinion family demands, work and studies balance are a process, not a static achievement. So, it is important to make the decisions selecting careers and jobs, timing children, allocating roles and responsibilities etc, that will provide the opportunity for balance. The real task of balance takes place on a weekly and daily basis, even from hour to hour . To help me balance and organize my studies, work and family demands, I bought a daily planner. The daily planner comes in very handy and I would recommend it for everyone to use it. It is very practical, its small so you carry it everywhere you go. It helps you organize your daily life, write down assignments and manage your time. Many people do not have the time to go to a classroom when you have a job and a family to spend time with. It can be very challenging when you have to work and take care of your family while you try to go to school. Penn Foster is a good decision that I have made when deciding which school to attend because it is online and the classes are self pace. The field that I have chosen is Paralegal because the job availability is high and the pay is good also. I feel that in this field I will be able to take care of my family a whole lot better and make everything easier for me and my family. I feel that the decision I have made is the right one. My family and friends help me maintain a positive attitude when I get discourage or overwhelmed. I have learned to prioritize things in my life and that helps me achieve my goals. Always plan ahead. First, the most important thing is to use your time wisely. Figure out how you typically spend your day. Make a list of time commitments that cannot be changed. Then, figure out how you spend your unscheduled time. It is important to include all the shifts and upcoming assignments and exams in the schedule. I use Microsoft Outlook calendar for time planning. It is user friendly and a convenient tool for time management. Accurate scheduling helps me to manage time efficiently whereby freeing up time to spend with my family. The first step to achieving balance in your time is to get your family to agree on what the priorities should be. Make them understand that studying often requires long hours. In these instances, support from your family has to be there. Additionally, when children are involved; you may have to re-balance your time so you have time to spend with children. Plan on having a little family time every day and schedule some special family event once a week. So you see balancing work, studies and family can be a challenging but if you put your mind to it you can to it.