Napoleon Was One Of The Greatest Military Leaders Of All Time. Essays

Napoleon was one of the greatest military leaders of all time. By 1812 Napoleon had expanded the territory of France all over Europe including Spain, Italy, Holland, and Switzerland. The countries that Napoleon did not directly control, he was usually allied with. The turning point of Napoleon's career also came in 1812 when war broke out between France and Russia because of Alexander I's refusal to enforce the continental. Even the French nation could not provide all the manpower and supplies needed to carry out the Emperor's grandiose plan for subduing Russia. Throughout 1811, he worked to mobilize the entire continent against Russia. He not only levied the vassal kingdoms in Spain, Italy, and Germany but also summoned Austria and Prussia to furnish their share of men and goods. Altogether, Napoleon could count on nearly 700,000 men of 20 nationalities of whom more than 600,000 crossed the border. Grown far beyond its original intended size, the army was difficult to assemble and hard to feed. Between Tilsit and Moscow, there lay over 600 miles of hostile barren countryside. Because of lack of supplies and the difficulty to feed the large army, Napoleon's plan was simple: bring about a battle, defeat the Russian army, and dictate a settlement. Apparently neither he nor his soldiers, who cheerfully began crossing the Nieman River, thought beyond the immediate goal. Already 300 miles into Russia, Napoleon had not yet found a way to exploit his advantage. In the Emperor's programming the resources necessary to achieve his objective, he had anticipated fighting a battle within a month after crossing the Nieman. Toward the end of that month Napoleon began to realize that events were disproving the validity of his estimates. Dying horses littered the roads and the advanced guard found little forage as Russians everywhere abandoned their homes. Napoleon knew that he needed to fight. At Smolensk, he set up for a battle and waited but the Russians, afraid of a trap steadily withdrew their troops from Smolensk and continued to retreat deeper into Russia. The only major battle in the Russian campaign proved that something was definitely lacking in Napoleon's judgment. Borodino was a battle of legendary proportions. Before the battle Napoleon proclaimed, "Soldiers, here is the battle you have so long desired!" However, the fight was inconclusive. At its end, Napoleon found himself the possessor, not of a victory, but of a barren hillside and an increasingly compelling commitment to advance further into the east. Well into the battle, the French had almost cracked the left side of the Russian Army. Several French generals had requested that Napoleon would commit the guard infantry into battle. This would create the final blow and insure the Russian defeat. After 14 hours of intense combat, the fighting died out at nightfall, and Mikhail Illarionovich Kutusov, the Russian general, gratefully began to retreat his troops. The guard infantry had remained unused. After the Battle of Borodino, in which losses on both sides totaled! over 70,000 men, Napoleon had 100,000 effectives remaining, while Kutusov probably had no more than 55,000. Both sides claimed a victory, whereas actually, both sides had lost. While the Russian army filed disconsolately toward Moscow, the Emperor of the French rationalized his indecision at Borodino by contenting himself with the capture of the city. On September 14, Napoleon rode into Moscow at the head of a fraction of the Empire's military strength. Meanwhile, Napoleon's opponent had made a decision that was to shape the remainder of the campaign. Kutusov made up his mind not to fight another battle in defense of Moscow. Kutusov ordered the city's population out into the countryside, released all inmates from the city jails, and destroyed the city firefighting equipment. Napoleon and his army of 100,000 arrived only to find a handful of the original inhabitants and several hundred criminals and lunatics freely roaming and plundering the streets. That night, fires sprang up all over the city. Fire swept through the city for several days and by morning it was apparent that most of the city had been consumed by the flames. Left with no choice, Napoleon sent peace proposals to Alexander, but Alexander refused to even discuss the concept of peace while the French remained on Russian soil. Napoleon was given an opportunity to evacuate Moscow by acting like he was reinforcing his brother-in-law's troops. Napoleon's plan was to march to Kaluga and Bryansk. By returning along an untraveled route, he hoped to find forage for the horses, avoid the appearance of a retreat, and eventually settle the army in winter quarters somewhere between Smolensk and Minsk. There appeared to be a good chance

Origins of Italian Surnames

Origins of Italian Surnames Whats in an Italian last name? Ask Leonardo da Vinci, Piero della Francesca, Alessandro Botticelli, or Domenico Ghirlandaio. They were all great artists of the Italian Renaissance, and their surnames paint a picture, too. On the Map Historically, many Italian last names were based on where a person lived or was born. Leonardo da Vincis family was from Vinci, a town in eastern Tuscany- hence his last name, meaning from Vinci. Ironically, during his lifetime, he was referred to solely by his first name. The sculptor Andrea Pisano, best known for his panels on the bronze south door of the Florence Baptistery, was originally named Andrea da Pontedra since he was born in Pontedra, a village near Pisa. He was later referred to as Pisano, indicating the town famous for the Leaning Tower. The single-named Perugino was from the town of Perugia. One of the most popular Italian last names today, Lombardi, is tied to the region of the same name. A Barrel of Laughs Ask most people to name a work of art by Alessandro di Mariano Filipepi and theyd be hard-pressed to name even one. But mention some of his famous works that hang in the Uffizi, such as The Birth of Venus or The Adoration of the Magi, and theyd probably recognize Botticelli. His name was derived from his elder brother Giovanni, a pawnbroker, who was called Il Botticello (The Little Barrel). Another Florentine artist from the fifteenth century with a colorful last name was Giuliano Bugiardini, which literally means little liars. Maybe his family was known for their storytelling skills. There are many other richly imagined, descriptive Italian last names, such as Torregrossa (big tower), Quattrochi (four eyes), Bella (beautiful), and Bonmarito (good husband). Mr. Smith Some Italian last names are related to a persons occupation or trade. Domenico Ghirlandaio, an Early Renaissance painter noted for his frescoes, probably had an ancestor who was a gardener or florist (the word ghirlanda means wreath or garland). Another Florentine painter, also famous for his frescoes, was known as Andrea del Sarto, but his real name was Andrea dAgnolo di Francesco. His moniker del sarto (of the tailor) was derived from his fathers profession. Other examples of Italian surnames related to jobs include Contadino (farmer), Tagliabue (ox-cutter or butcher), and Auditore (literally meaning a hearer, or listener and referring to a judge). Johnson, Clarkson, Robinson Piero di Cosimo, an Early Renaissance painter, adopted his last name as a patronym- that is, his last name was based on his fathers name (Piero di Cosimo- Peter son of Cosimo). Piero della Francesca, whose masterpiece fresco cycle the Legend of the True Cross can be seen in the 13th–century church of San Francesco in Arezzo, had a matronymic surname. That is, his last name was based on his mother’s name (Piero della Francesca- Peter son of Francesca). Left to the Wolves Italian last names typically arose from geographic location, description, patronym, or trade. Theres one other source that deserves mention, though, especially considering how prevalent the last name is. Esposito, literally meaning exposed (from the Latin expositus, past participle of exponere to place outside) is a Italian surname commonly denoting an orphan. Typically, abandoned children were left on church steps, hence the name. Other Italian last names derived from the practice include Orfanelli (little orphans), Poverelli (little poor (people), and Trovato/Trovatelli (found, little foundling). Top 20 Italian Last Names Below are the top 20 Italian surnames throughout Italy: RossiRussoFerrariEspositoBianchiRomanoColomboRicciMarinoGrecoBrunoGalloContiDe LucaCostaGiordanoManciniRizzoLombardiMoretti

American Government and Citizenship essays

American Government and Citizenship essays I am a 19-year-old male, born and raised in support of our national government. My resent interest in the way our great nation is governed began in the classroom. I found my American Government class to be quite interesting and the Bush and Clinton scandals only increased my interest in American politics. Ever since, I have a strong belief in our government and will support it throughout my life. I always keep up with the events in Washington and follow today's issues very closely. Since the war began, MSNBC has been on in my room. I am a proud American citizen and would choose no other country to be from. I come from a home where we keep the flag present and raised to remind us of the people that gave their lives for us. Freedom is not something to be overlooked; our independence should not be taken for granted; and our government should continue making this land the great nation it is. I believe in our American politics, our science and art of government. I believe that government is necessary. Born as an American, individual rights are given at birth to guarantee life, liberty, and happiness. We can express individualism. America offers equality to all citizens. I feel that, without government, there would be total chaos among the population. It would be like the old West, where law and order barely existed. People would go around killing and stealing, never worrying about any consequences for their actions. People would solve their problems with guns and knives, having public shootouts where criminals and innocent alike would be gunned down in violent disarray. This is not what the people really wanted. Another example is Iraq, once the government fell, there was mass chaos. People where looting banks and stores, stealing anything they could. This is because of the fact that there was no government. Once law and order is established people will be safer and happ ier. Democracy is a form a government where the people rule thro...

Marketing Strategy of Mcdonalds Essays

Marketing Strategy of Mcdonalds Essays Marketing Strategy of Mcdonalds Paper Marketing Strategy of Mcdonalds Paper Introduction: McDonalds is one of the biggest fast food companies in the market share today. It has been running in over 119 countries, as well as they have acquired over 31,000 restaurants in the world now. McDonald’s brand mission is to be customers’ favourite place and way to eat, they are aligned around a global strategy called the ‘Plan to Win’, they also committed to continuously improving their operations and enhancing their customers’ experience. As we all know that McDonald’s had successfully achieved their goal through out the years. (aboutmcdonald’s, 2012) Apart from this, as McDonald’s is a worldwide company, they also had the social responsibility to return the community; therefore, the ‘Ronald McDonald House Charities’ was established to build up their social image. Unfortunately, the market share is not only for McDonalds because there are still a lot other competitors in the market, like KFC and Burger King. So, McDonalds need a good marketing strategy to conquer other enemies and retain their position because the competition in the market is hypercompetitive. As all we know, the successful marketing strategy for McDonalds is based on their innovative and creative promotion and great marketing research in order to keep consumer’s loyalty. Eventually, this project will examine the success through three main sessions, which are marketing research, the marketing mix and the competitor strategies. Marketing Research: Every marketing strategy starts with the marketing research. In the fast food market, McDonald’s confronts competition form other businesses, in order to maintain the market share, McDonald’s needs to identify the needs and wants of customers, and creating the right marketing mix in order to keep customers’ loyalty so as to build up a long term relationship with their customers. Marketing research helps identifying the change of customers’ wills and anticipates how the changes will affect the sales figure. 1. Research method Market researches done by McDonald’s consider everything that affect buying decisions. (The times 100, 2012) The buying decisions could be affected by a wide range of factors, including psychological factors, like ‘what image does the product give’ or ‘how the consumer feels when purchasing’. Next, the economy changes could also affect the buying decisions, for example, the rising living standards. According to Salvam (2009), McDonald’s used both qualitative and quantitative data are developed in the research activities. After McDonald’s had collect the data, they will identify how appropriate the company’s products are for the future; the quality of employees and how well trained they are to offer the best services to customer and the financial resources that available for marketing etc. 2. Customer satisfaction The number of customers in the market is limited; it is essential to retain people once they have become customers to build long-term and successful business. The marketing research helps McDonald’s to indentify the types of customers and determine the type of products and services offered, price range, promotion strategies and even where the restaurants located. The ‘Happy Meal’ is one of the famous product line McDonald’s had produced, which targeted to young customers, the Happy Meal is served with food and a toy, McDonald’s ally with Hollywood studios such as Walt Disney, consequently, the Happy meal had become one of the most successful children’s cultural icons on the globe (Hong, 2009) and brings about a huge income to McDonald’s every single year. Apart from this, to respond the global criticism and the negative effect of the documentary ‘Super Size Me’ on McDonald’s are selling junk food, McDonald’s had introduce the more healthy food, such as salad and fruits to their menu, so as to associate their brand image with healthier food. This is one of the examples that shows how McDonald’s consider the social factor. These are all the examples of what McDonald’s done to achieve the needs and wants of customers. How McDonald’s influences their customers – The marketing mix It is known that McDonald’s used both polycentric and geocentric approach in creating their marketing mix. 1. Product It is known that most products go through a ‘product life cycle’, which sees all kinds of product will eventually go to the ‘decline’ stage. The marketing research discussed in the pervious part is vitally important to understand the changing wants and needs of customers. McDonalds constantly works to satisfy customers by developing new products to appeal them. For example, McDonalds introduced a variety of salads to appeal to the healthier conscious customers (Yahoo! Contributor Network, 2005), and recently, McDonald’s added a new product line named ‘great taste of America’ so as to attract young customers. (UK McDonald’s, 2012) 2. Price As we all know that customers draw their own mental picture of what a product is worth, therefore, it is important for McDonald’s to know the customer’s perception of value. (Brassington and Pettitt, 2006) McDonald’s will change their product price time to time based on the result of the marketing research, and offer the most reasonable price for the customers. 3. Promotions Every company has their own way to promote their products; McDonald’s is no different. The promotion strategy of McDonald’s could be classified into two aspects, which are the advertising promotion and sales promotion. 3. 1 Advertisement Advertisement is conducted on TV, radio, website, poster site, and all kinds of media that around our daily life. It is known that positive emotion can be very effective in creating memorable and persuasive messages (Brassington and Pettitt, 2006), this is also why the cheerful senses are always used in McDonalds’ commercials. Apart from this, customer-oriented appeals are also used in McDonalds’ advertisement. To advertise different types of customers, McDonald’s had different strategies, for example, they had co-operate with Walt Disney to produce toys that can attract children. Toy giveaways are a major promotion weapon in McDonald’s battle in the fast-food market share. McDonald’s have long put toys in kid’s meal to build traffic and encourage repeat visit from families. 3. 2 Sales Promotion McDonald’s had developed numerous of effective promotional campaign to attract more customers, and sales promotion is an aspect that they heavily rely on. It is believed that by adding extra value to the product, over and above the normal product offering, thus creating an extra inducement to consumers to buy or try them. (Brassington and Pettitt, 2006) McDonald’s strategy is to offer quality food quickly to customers at a good value. The pricing structure for McDonald’s over years has supported this message, McDonald’s has ran many promotions to increase product sales. For instance, they offer student offer, which gives out free hamburger, cheeseburger or ‘McFlurry Original’ with the customers purchase an ‘Extra Value Meal’ with a valid student ID card. Furthermore, McDonald’s also offer different types of coupons frequently in order to stimulate the demand and increase customers’ interest and desire to purchase their products. (McDonald’s, 2012) 4. Place Place, is about the physical location and the distribution points for products. McDonald’s had their special menu in different shops all over the world. For instance, Maharaja McBurger is a vegetarian burger marketed in India; Prosperity Burger is popular in China, Taiwan, Hong Kong, and Singapore; McDonalds offers Halal food in Muslim countries such as Saudi Arabia, UAE, Kuwait, Indonesia, Malaysia etc. Competitor Strategies: Nowadays, many fast food shops are building up in the market, which means the market share for fast food shop is becoming more competitive. As we all know, no company can be successful without a good competitor strategy. McDonald’s has become one of the well-known and famous fast food companies today because they have had an innovated and effective competitor strategy to conquer their enemies The major competitors of McDonald’s included Burger King, Doctor’s Associates and Yumburger. RQ Admit Company, 2012) Among all of the competitors strategies McDonald’s had applied, there are three main obvious ideas, which can help them establishing a good reputation and popularity in the market. New Production Strategy: As McDonalds had expanded internationally, in order to keep consumer’s loyalty and attract people’s attention, McDonald’s designs creative productions regularly which are both special and delicious, such as ‘shake shake chips’ and new version of burger. Clark, 2012) Furthermore, in order to spread further their market, they provided vegetarian food, which allowed customers that are vegetarian to purchase their product. Apart from this, McDonald’s has already established a great reputation in the market; therefore, they will be always exploiting their brand’s reputation and consumer’s desire to promote the new product. This is one of the effective ways, which could assist customers to gain their popularity and promote their new production. Healthy Food strategy: In this new generation, a new demand in the market has appeared. People are now craving for a healthy life and are more willing to purchase healthier food. Thus, on purpose of reaching customers’ new demand, McDonald’s had change their products from the traditional high-fat and oily food to food that contained lower calories and fat, as well as they had begun to provide some new choices of food, which are much healthier and more palatable, such as snack size fruit, walnut salad and yogurt parfait. (HubPages, 2012) Charity strategy: Ronald McDonald House Charities (RMDH) is one of the independent and egistered charities, whose mission is to provide comfort and safety place and environment for poor family and some ill or injured children. (McDonalds, 2012) There are some reasons why they built a charity. First of all, it is one of the unique strategies, which can make people feel that they have associated with the donation of the charity, after they purchased the food. Therefore, their reputation and population will increase in the mar ket and this will help McDonald creating a more positive image and change people’s rooted negative thought on fast food industry. Furthermore, RMDH can build up their brand name with co-operating with some charities to organize some activities. This is because it is one of the essential ways to let more people to be interested in McDonald’s. Thus, they can keep being one of the huge groups in the marketing share. Conclusion There is no doubt that McDonald’s is a successful company. The success of McDonald’s could be seen in the comprehensive and effective marketing research, the purposeful marketing mix created that satisfied customers needs and wants and the overwhelming competitor strategies, which helped McDonald’s to keep their market share. Reference: 1. Brassington, F. and Pettitt, S. , 2006. Principles of Marketing. England: Person Education Limited. 2. Clark, W. , 2012. Product Development Strategy for McDonald’s[online]. United Stated: Hearst Communications Inc.. Available from: http://smallbusiness. chron. com/product-development-strategy-mcdonalds-12207. html [Accessed 27 April 2012] 3. Hong, J. W. , 2009. Power of McDonald’s ‘Happy Meal’: Globalization of American Culture and Value. The Global Studies Journal. 2(2), pp. 143-154 4. Hubpages, 2012. Low Calorie and Healthy Choices at McDonald’s[online]. United State: HubPages Inc.. Available from: http://pbdietitian. hubpages. com/hub/low-calorie-and-healthy-choices-at-McDonalds [Accessed 22 April 2012] 5. McDonald’s, 2012. Ronald McDonald House Charities[online]. United Kingdom: McDonald’s. Available from: mcdonalds. co. uk/ukhome/Ourworld/Ronald-McDonald-House-Charities. html [Accessed 25 April 2012] 6. McDonald’s, 2012. Mission and Value[online]. United Kingdom: McDonald’s. Available from: aboutmcdonalds. com/mcd/our_company/mission_and_values. html [Accessed 23 April 2012] Yahoo! Contributor Network. , 2005. McDonald’s Strategic Marketing Mix. [online] http://voices. ahoo. com/mcdonalds-strategic-marketing-mix-372441. html? cat=4 7. R Q Amit Company, 2010. Marketing – McDonalds’ Style[online]. United State: R Q Amit Company. Available from: http://essayexpert. qapacity. com/financial-sucess/4604/marketing-mcdonalds-style/ [Accessed 25 April 2012]. 8. Salvam, P. , 2009. Expansion of McDonald’s to re gional markets. Management committee, 1, pp,1-10 9. The times 100. , 2012. The marketing process – A McDonald’s Restaurants case study. [online] http://businesscasestudies. co. uk/mcdonalds-restaurants/the-marketing-process/the-marketing-mix-and-market-research. html

OB Analysis Paper Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

OB Analysis Paper - Case Study Example Production engineers should come up with standardized way of building different products to reduce the delays and costs of operations (Buller & Randall 2-8). In addition, the company is also faced by test failures which are regarded as serious problems and this may make customers be delayed. Product engineers should try to be as competent as possible to reduce various causes of test errors and other test related activities which consume most of their time. Part of improvements that need to be taken care of are proper documentation. Stopping interruptions especially while the product engineers are in the meeting with Lee may not be the solution to the problem because it would also mean that there would be delays during the meeting. Lee should just ensure that his engineers come up with effective layout on how to build different products. Lee should also come up with solid agenda in his meetings to ensure that important issues are raised at a particular time limit. Considering that tim e is an important thing for the company particularly the product engineers, he should therefore fix a particular duration for the meetings. Some of the agendas of the meeting should not involve problem affecting a single product engineer but general challenge facing all of them (Buller & Randall 2-8). ... Lee should ensure that every issue raised in the meeting or amongst engineers that concerns the entire product engineering department is addressed and proper solution be found. Lee’s department does also not coordinate very well with the application engineers. Indeed there is a serious communication breakdown between application engineers and product engineers that even leads to customer dissatisfaction (Buller & Randall 2-8). Furthermore, Lee should ensure that there is cooperation and good relationship amongst the two departments to minimize the issues arising due to communication breakdown. There is also a shaky relationship between manufacturing department and product department which derails the functions of the company. Relationship between Lee and his boss too does not seem promising. Sam is not giving Lee enough support to smoothen operations in the product engineering department. For instance he is not providing the under-staffed product department with more personnel to make work easier. Moreover Sam cannot give or mediate between Lee and Reese as a way of creating peace and motivating the workers. As much as Lee may try to be a good leader who intends to ensure that his department works well and achieves the best results as possible, he does not have good support to succeed in his duty and objectives (Buller & Randall 2-8). OB Perspective There is an increasing pervasiveness in job dissatisfaction and disengagement due to paradoxical organizational behaviors which has resulted into negative consequences for employers and employees. Management of job and work output is largely contributed by degree of job satisfaction and attitude towards work. Various issues concerning organization performance are never costly

Nelson Mandela and Mohandas Gandhi Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Nelson Mandela and Mohandas Gandhi - Essay Example There are a few differences and many similarities between Mohandas Gandhi and Nelson Mandela. The world recognizes the two leaders for their stern fights against colonialism and especially against racism. The world famously recognizes Nelson Mandela for his fight against black domination and white domination. In his trial in 1962, Nelson Mandela finished his defense speech with the claim that he is ready to die for a democratic society. However, even though Gandhi also fought against racism, he seemed to have been advancing the rights of his Indian community. For instance, Gandhi encouraged the Indians in South Africa to defy the ways of the Europeans. The two leaders used different ways in their fights against colonialism. However, the two received similar treatments from the colonialists. They were both jailed on various occasions despite the fact that Gandhi used more peaceful ways than those used by Mandela. For an instance, in 1960s Mandela and his compatriots in the young league of the Africa National Congress (ANC), formed a military wing of the ANG called Umkonto we Siswe. Despite their different ways of actions, the two leaders are world famous for their excellent contributions to the elimination of colonialism. However, the two leaders received two different treatments from their people. Unlike Mandela, who received respect until his death in 2013, Nathuram Godse killed Gandhi on January 30 of 1948 before he became a prime minister (DeLuca). In conclusion, the colonial period generated many leaders. Nelson Mandela and Mohandas Gandhi are two famous leaders of the colonial period. The two leaders used different methods to fight the colonialists.

LUSH's transfer to Brazil Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

LUSH's transfer to Brazil - Essay Example The products include soaps, shampoos and hair conditioners, shower gel, bath bombs, face make, bubble bars, hand and body lotions for a variety of skin types. Lush in all its products uses essential oils, fruit and vegetables, honey and beeswax, and synthetic ingredients. It is a public limited company and is a part of the personal care industry. Lush operates in more than 50 countries there are some appropriate conditions of Brazil that has enforced the company to open its stores over there. Lush operates in Australia, Canada, Germany, Kuwait, New Zealand, Singapore, Taiwan, Australia, Hong Kong, UK, Sweden etc. This report outlines the opportunity that Lush has seen in the Brazil market and the reasons why it has not chosen any alternative markets for its operations. The report even proposes some marketing mix strategy that would be helpful for the company to operate in the overseas market. Brazil is selected as a new market to enter by Lush. The reasons behind selecting the Brazilian market for personal care industry can be justified using the SWOT analysis. It is structured planning method which is used to evaluate the strengths, weakness, opportunities and threat related to a component. The strengths and weakness are internal to the organization whereas the opportunities and threat are the external factors of the environment which cannot be controlled by the organization. These internal and external factors are analyzed using the SWOT analysis and it helps to know the factors essential to be considered while designing a strategy or in case of a product it helps to analyze which market is suitable for the business. The strengths highlight the advantage the component has over the others. The weakness illustrates the characteristics that place it at a disadvantage over others. The opportunities describe the factors it could consider in order to exploit its advantages. The threats highlight the possible

COMZ Group Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

COMZ Group - Assignment Example He further emphasizes on relationship building skills among his employees by holding a ten-minute conversation with each staff member to give them an insight on the importance of listening effectively to customers. Listening skills among staff are viewed as a necessity towards dealing with clients and understanding their needs for better service provision. More so, listening skills go a long way in establishing good relationships with clients, which is in itself more important than making profits. Pedersen refers to profitability as a by-product of doing a good job rather than chasing on making profits and not having an impact on the needs of clients. Staff, suppliers, and the community are equally important to the organization, and thus, the business responsibility of Comz Group is that which is solution-oriented to widespread needs. Comz Group organization’s culture is focused towards such tendencies of business solutions through creativity, positive relationships, and mento ring employees towards self-actualization in their contribution to the organization. It seeks to not only empower employees through mentoring, teamwork, and positive relationships, but also to empower the society through its corporate social responsibility. QUESTION 2 2a] Comz Group places its corporate social responsibility as a primary concern of its operations and overlooks shareholders concern of profits as a by-product to satisfaction of its clients. Comz Group has a popular attitude towards the environment that has been clearly indicated by its use of recycle-oriented waste management companies in their outdoor events. The company’s environmental policies are also subjected to continuous improvement by staff assigned such responsibility, and thus promoting its contribution to the local community and environment at large. This has had a huge effect on the Company’s societal image and successes of outstanding creativity and teamwork of their staff, which has been i ndicated by the creative communications award it received. Through this, the company has received recognition and excellence reports for its business responsibility and primary concern contributing to the society. More so, an environmental factor such as recycling goes a long way in promoting Comz Group popular attitude towards the environment using waste management companies in its outdoor events. 2b] According to Pedersen, the organization’s role in the community is more important than other aspects such as profitability, thus rendering its participation in the community as a necessity towards building a popular attitude towards the environment. The company has raised substantial amounts of funds to assist in Voluntary Services Overseas and other community enhancement activities such as the MacMillan Cancer Trust, Youth unemployment, and Springboard. The company has been able to enhance its popular attitude towards the environment through its participation in community proj ects. The company’s goals of establishing positive relations and empowering the unemployed youths preclude success to the Comz Group in general. Local community projects involvement would help in enhancing corporate image and brand name. A good reputable image and brand name would help the organization in not only drawing more clients, but also increasing its goodwill and corporate value, and thus stock prices. QUESTION 3 3a] Comz Group’

Contractual Agreements Vs Joint Ventures Assignment

Contractual Agreements Vs Joint Ventures - Assignment Example This paper refers to the R&D programs with inter-firm co-operation. The modes could be either contractual or through joint ventures. The basic objective behind these methods is to ensure cost-economization and strategic intent. R&D implies the standard activity of research oriented development wherein techno-scientific knowledge is applied to create newer procedures and products. The crux is that organizations benefit in the long run through R&D efforts and they need to plan for such activities to foster creation of better processes and products. R&D partnerships form a part of diverse relationships which two unrelated companies entertain through acquisitions or mergers. Different kinds of taxonomies got inter-twined in such understandings and they are now inseparable. The inter-dependency could be charted in any of the following ways of: †¢ Licensing & cross licensing: The service providers collect fee for the technological enhancement provided to their partner and sometimes swap knowledge instead of fee for cross-licensing. †¢ Second-sourcing ratifies reproduction of already existing products with specifications. †¢ Sub-contracting of one firm by the other establishes the customer-supplier relationship usually for long-term contracts. †¢ Joint funded R&D programs are usually contractual in nature wherein firms co-operate to perform such activities. †¢ Joint ventures combine the interests of two firms on a profit sharing basis. Sometimes firms with specific objectives related to different functions including R&D stipulate guidelines for performance of those functions smoothly. This paper refers to the R&D programs with inter-firm co-operation (IV & V points listed above). The modes could be either contractual or through joint ventures. The basic objective behind these methods is to ensure cost-economization and strategic intent. General trends in R&D dependency: The MERIT-CATI list which surveys the trend of R&D dependency establishes the following results: 1960s witnessed a relatively low number of such collaborations with a gradual increase towards the end from 10 a year to 30 a year. 1970’s continued the 30 a year trend and graduated to 50 a year partnerships till the middle only to increase three-folds to around 160 a year by the decade end. 1980s are earmarked for 200 and above inter-firm partnerships in the inception and galloping further to 500 a year till its end. The first two years of 1990s slowed down the pace to 350 to 400 alliances a year but later rose to 700 odd partnerships only to set off again to 500 per year till the end. Though, there is a slowdown in the late 90s, the number of partnerships, however, is far higher than the level of partnerships activated in the early 1960s. These alliances are also circular in nature that when they decrease, they tend to increase cyclically. The notable factor is the number of joint venture (JV) collaborations vis-a-vis contractual agreements in such R&D partnerships. In 1960’s when there were meager number of R&D partnerships, most of them were entered through JV’s. Till the mid of 1970’s around 70% of the total agreements were done through the JV route and 30% of them were through contracts. However, in the early 80’s this range slowed down to 40% giving bigger hand to contractual

Problem Gambling Essay Example for Free

Problem Gambling Essay She took one last look out the window as they drove away, the tears streaming down her face. At the age of four, her world had fallen apart. Karina’s life started out as a perfect middle-class family, and soon turned into a broken mess. They had everything, a perfect house in a really nice part of the city, a nice car; everything was wonderful. As Karina got older, she began to notice things weren’t perfect. Her dad was never there. He was always out gambling in one way or another. â€Å"As time progressed we lost the car, and other possessions due to my dad’s gambling problem. It’s not only about gambling and the money. When people gamble, they do other stupid things, he had an affair. My parents decided to get a divorce. My dad didn’t argue, in fact he said that for the safety of our family it would probably be better because a lot of people were angry at him for what he owed them. It was all because of gambling and snowballed into a mess that could have been really dangerous for my mom and me had we stayed around. I’m sad that my life played out in that way at such a young age, and it’s very unfortunate. I know that if he wouldn’t have had gambling around none of those things would have taken place and we would probably still be the family that we were, but unfortunately that’s not how it played out. † Although many people think that legalizing gambling will have a great effect on the economy, I think the negative effects are much more evident. People’s views on subjects often have to do with their ethics. Ethics, as defined by Seiler and Beall, are an individual’s system of moral principles. My ethics lead me to believe that gambling is wrong because I was raised to believe that my family is more important than economic wealth. As it is evident in the story above, gambling can have a major negative effect on someone’s life, and so it is too much of a risk to legalize this dangerous game. Three main reasons that gambling should be kept illegal are that gambling creates tension among the family members, gambling increases crime in the society, and the addiction to gambling is too great for many to overcome. The first reason that gambling should be kept illegal is that gambling creates tension among the family members as the money that should be used for the family is being spent on gambling. Even though gambling might, in some cases, bring money into the state and local economies, there are side effects to having a casino down the street. Forshey (1998) states, â€Å"The gambling jobs, taxes, and recreational values provided by the industry cannot compensate for the social pain-in the form of bankruptcies, white-collar crime, divorce, a compromised political process, an increase in alcoholism-it inflicts. † The drain of a working person’s money that wager’s his or her paycheck and loses is not compensated with the amount of jobs a casino brings to a community. Gambling is a greedy industry that produces nothing more than empty hopes, empty dreams and empty wallets. Anderson states, â€Å"Proponents argue that state lotteries are an effective way to raise taxes painlessly. But the evidence shows that legalized gambling often hurts those who are poor and disadvantaged. † Without casino gambling, many local citizens would spend their money on groceries or clothes, instead of reducing their savings on gambling. As William Thompson states in his article â€Å"Gambling: A Controlling Substance,† It [gambling] is a pleasure, like other entertainment, but in that regard, it is an expensive pleasure. † Thompson then continues with this thought: â€Å"Politicians must recognize that the benefits of gambling are bounded by market structures. Gambling money does not grow on trees. It comes out of the pockets or real people, who otherwise would have spent it on something else. † All of this evidence shoes that gambling should be kept illegal because it creates tension among the family members as the money that should be used for the family is being spent on gambling. A second reason that gambling should be kept illegal is that gambling increases the amount of crime within a society. Gambling often becomes associated with crime, a relationship that seems quite understandable. Not only does gambling continue to be illegal in some forms which makes it a crime to participate in, but also the second half of the issue occurs when gambling increases the amount of street crime in a surrounding area. Crime rates have been significantly higher in places that allow gambling. Kindt states, â€Å"Atlantic City showed a jump in crime when gambling was legalized. The city went from 50th in the nation in per capita crime to first. Problem gamblers may also become more likely to have financial troubles and use illegal activities as a way to pay off their debts and keep up their unhealthy habit. † This graphic shows a report done by the U. S. Department of Justice studied people that were arrested in Las Vegas and Des Moines, Iowa. The results show many connections between gambling and crime. â€Å"More than 30 percent of pathological gamblers who had been arrested in Las Vegas and Des Moines reported having committed a robbery within the past year, nearly double the percentage for low-risk gamblers. Nearly one-third admitted that they had committed the robbery to pay for gambling or to pay gambling debts. In addition, about 13 perfect said they had assaulted someone to get money. † As is evident, gambling should be kept illegal because it increases the amount of crime within a society. We will now look at the last reason why gambling should be kept illegal. Finally, a third reason that gambling should be kept illegal is that the addiction to gambling is too great for many to overcome, resulting in psychological problems for the gambler. Some people argue that if a person wants to gamble badly enough they will do it. They say that one will be able to control his or herself and only gamble when it’s appropriate, but gambling is an addiction that some people can’t escape. The addiction is a nationwide problem, and as much a part of gambling as the dice. As an article in the Omaha World Herald states, â€Å"Problem gambling is the urge to gamble despite harmful negative consequence or the desire to stop, and pathological gambling involves wagering to such excess that it has a severe negative effect on the gambler’s life. † Getting hooked on gambling comes mainly from the action and thrill, an experience chemically the same as those with inhaled substances. They fall under the spell of action. Action is an aroused, joyous state involving excitement, tension, and anticipation of the outcome of a gambling event. It is the thrill of living on the edge. Gambling has little to do with money and everything to do with the feelings of a gambler. William Thompson states, â€Å"People will lie to themselves, also in calculating the money because they don’t want to tell themselves that they were foolish about gambling. † Problem gamblers describe gambling as â€Å"highs† similar to that experienced from many drug substances. Some experience these sensations when just thinking about gambling. How is a person supposed to avoid gambling if he or she is constantly being surrounded with opportunities to place bets and be involved in the â€Å"action†? As Frey suggests casinos increase the number of problem gamblers, and make it that much more difficult to stop for those already addicted. In order to stop the number of pathological gamblers from increasing, the amount of gambling in the United States must decrease as a whole. Pathological gamblers were twice as likely to describe their general health as fair to poor over the past two years and were more likely to acknowledge mental or emotional problems. Rates of alcohol and drug dependence, job loss, and bankruptcy were also significantly higher for pathological gamblers relative to non-gamblers. According to Weinstock and Meyers, â€Å" Almost 20 percent of the people diagnosed as pathological gamblers file for bankruptcy compared to the less than 5 percent of those in the general population. † Percentage of Population with Gambling Problems In order to stop the number of pathological gamblers from increasing, the amount of gambling in the United States must decrease as a whole. As is evident in this bar graph the amount of people with gambling disorders has greatly increased. According to Weinstock and Meyers, â€Å"Recent studies have found that approximately 2 percent of Americans have had severe levels of disordered gambling at some point in their lifetime. Alarmingly, the rate in the Mid-South is even higher. Studies with Mississippi and Louisiana reveal that about 5 percent of the residents in Mississippi have a gambling problem, while in New Orleans, Louisiana 8 percent of the population reported significant problems because of their gambling. † Gambling should be kept illegal because the addiction to gambling is too great for many, even adolescents to overcome. According to Welte, Barnes, Tidwell, and Hoffman, â€Å"Over 2% of U. S. adolescents have experienced problem gambling (i. e. , sub-clinical pathological gambling) in the past year. Females have a . 1% problem gambling rate, and males a 4. 2% problem gambling rate within the past year. † If we don’t put a stop to this now the future of pathological gambling will continue. Regrettably, these pathological gamblers will most likely have to deal with many adverse life events because of their addiction. Many problem gamblers are under so much stress, they commit domestic violence or suicide. There are other, less dangerous ways to find entertainment. So many people suffer every day from their addiction to gambling. The United States should put a stop by banning the gambling industry, and therefore eliminating the harmful side effects of legalized gambling. All of this evidence shows that gambling should be kept illegal because the addiction to gambling is far too great for some people to overcome, resulting in psychological problems for the gambler. The negative effects of gambling out-weigh the positive. The tension created among family members, increased crime in society, and the addiction resulting in psychological problems are just too great of a risk for the people of our society to undergo. So the next time you walk into a casino, remember Karina’s story and how the gambling may affect your life, because even if you’re willing to take the chance, odds are the negative effects of gambling will leave you unlucky in life. It is important for all of you to take note of the consequences and refrain from gambling. Staying away from the dangers of gambling, and setting an example to others is extremely important. No matter what type of personality you have, you can be an influence to others and help stop the spread of gambling all over the nation. I want to challenge you that if you know someone that gambles or you yourself gamble share what you know about gambling and try to put a stop to the habit! References: * Anderson, K. Gambling. Gambling Probe Ministries. Retrieved October 31, 2001 from http://www. probe. org/site/c. fdKEIMNsEoG/b. 4219137/k. C8BD/Gambling. htm * Brandt, K. (Personal communication, October 21, 2011) * Forshey, G. E. (1998). Lonely crusade: Fighting the Gambling Industry. The Christian Century. Retrieved October 31, 2011 from http://vnweb. hwwilsonweb. com/hww/results/getResults. jhtml? _DARGS=/hww/results/results_common. jhtml. 35 * Kindt, J. (1994). The Economic Impacts of Legalized Gambling Activities. Drake Law Review, 40 (1), 50-87. Retrieved October 26, 2011 from https://www.ideals. illinois. edu/handle/2142/16297 * Meyers, A. Whelan, J. Weinstock. (June 1998). Gambling: When it is not a Game Anymore. Business Perspectives, 16-22. Retrieved October 27, 2011 from http://www. allbusiness. com/specialty-businesses/291076-1. html * Problem Gambling: Be aware of warning signs. Omaha World Herald. (March, 19, 2010). Retrieved October 23, 2011 from Library. * Seiler, W. J. and Beall, M. L. (2009). Communication and Ethical Behavior. In Communication: Making Connections (8th Ed) (pp. 8-9). Boston, MA: Pearson Education, Inc. Allyn.

Four Functions Of Management At Fedex

Four Functions Of Management At Fedex Originally FedEx Corporation is recognized as FDX Corporation. It is a well-known logistics services company. The company was founded in the United States in 1971. FedEx furnishes customers and businesses all over the world with an all-inclusive portfolio of transportation, e-commerce and business services (About FedEx, 2010). The company offer incorporated business applications through functioning companies competing conjointly and managed collaboratively, under the well-thought-of FedEx brand. FedEx had attained significant position among the worlds most accepted and committed employers. It operates with more than 275,000 employees and contractors. It motivates all its employees and contractors to remain perfectly, positively concentrated on safety, the highest ethical and practised measures and the demands of their customers and communities. The company operates all over the world with its following segments: FedEx Express: This segment of the company offers numerous shipping services for the deliverance of packages and freight. FedEx Ground: This segment of the company offers business and residential ground package delivery services. FedEx Freight: This segment extends less-than-truckload freight services, as well as shipment carrier services. FedEx Services: This segment of the company offers sales, marketing, information technology support, customer service support, document solutions and business services and many other advanced services (FedEx Corporation, 2010). The significant functions of management that managers at all the levels of FedEx perform in order to achieve its organizational objectives, are as follows: Planning: This function of management is the conscious determination of future course of action. This involves why an action, what action, how to take action and when to take action. Thus, planning includes determination of specific objectives, determining projects and programs, setting policies and strategies, setting rules and procedures and preparing budgets. Organizing: Another significant function of FedEx management is organizing. Organizing is the process of dividing work into convenient tasks or duties, grouping such duties in the form of positions, grouping of various positions into departments and sections, assigning duties to individual positions, and delegating authority to each position so that the work is carried out as planned (Montana Charnov, 2000). Leading: The nest crucial function of management is leading. In this function of management a proper direction is determined by the company managers that help the employees in the proper understanding of their role to attain the goals and targets effectively. Leading is the process of influencing the behaviour of others to work willingly and enthusiastically for achieving predetermined goals. Controlling: The last significant function of management is controlling. This function involves identification of actual results, comparison of actual results with expected results as set by planning process, identification of deviation between the two, if any, and taking of corrective action so that actual results match with expected results (Harris Hartman, 2001). It brings to light all bottlenecks in work performance and fulfils the needs of the situation. Globalisations and its Impact on FedEx four Functions of Management Globalization is a procedure of interaction and compounding among the people, companies and governments of diverse nations. It is a procedure determined by international trade and investment and assisted by international technology. This procedure has its consequences on the environment, on culture, on political systems, on economic development and prosperity and as well as on the human physical well-being in associations all around the world (FedEx and Key Industry Drivers, n.d.). This external factor is making a prominent impact on the operations and functions of management of FedEx. Increasing globalization of its business had make a prominent impact on its planning function of FedEx management as now it had become more complex and requires more crucial analysis of international markets. In addition to this the function of organizing and leading business operations and all resources is also become difficult as now the company involves a diverse workforce and diverse customer base with different needs and demands. The last function of management controlling is also evolved as a difficult task due to the involvement of different type of international risks. Technology and its Impact on FedExs Four Functions of Management Technology is the employment and cognition of tools, proficiencies and crafts. It had made life of human beings more easier as it involves advanced know-hows in the form of tools and techniques. At FedEx emerging technology is playing an increasing role in offering critical information at any point in time about the location of a customers product and the time of delivery (FedEx and Key Industry Drivers, n.d.). With the increasing effect of technology the four functions of FedExs management is significantly affected. With the use of advanced technology, the companys planning and organizing function had been affected greatly as now its planning is done by making use of advanced technology and IT tools. For organizing all its operations and resources the company make use of up-to-date tools and techniques like for giving training to its employees now it make use of electronic sources (Huff, Maher Munro, 2004). Increasing use of technology and electronic means of communication also make a significant impact on companys leading and controlling function of management. With advanced tools and techniques both of these functions of FedExs management had become more easy and effective. E-Business and its Impact on FedExs four Functions of Management E-business is a term that can be used to delineate businesses run on the Internet, or employing Internet technologies to ameliorate the productivity or profitability of a business. In a more universal sense, the term could be used to explain any form of electronic business (Sharif, Ching, Bakri Zakaria, 2005). In present more and more companies are adopting this practice of doing business and similar is the situation with FedEx that is also making use of electronic sources and internet for communicating with its client and doing business. This e-business practice of the company had made tremendous impact on its four functions of management as now company does not have to indulge in complex planning as now it performs all its functions with the help of web, which makes everything simple and speedy (FedEx and Key Industry Drivers, n.d.). The organizing and leading function of management are also affected with this practice of e-business as now company can track performance of its employees and operations through web rather indulging in more formal procedures. The use of web had made everything very easy and quick and now the controlling of business operations had also become very easy. Conclusion With the detailed discussion of company operations and functions of management, it could be said, that the management of all these functions is essential as otherwise it could not direct the company towards its pre-determined goals. With the discussion of globalization, technology and e-business it could be conferred that these entire factors make a prominent impact on companys four functions of management because as time had changed this functions of company management is also changed. The impact of globalization, technology and e-business had advanced these functions in a significant manner, which in turn facilitates FedEx in managing its business.

Teens Shouldnt Diet Essay -- essays research papers

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Why Teens Shouldn’t Diet   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Dieting can be defined as restricting calories or food groups (Deal with Diets: kidshealth.org). With the number of obese people growing, it’s no wonder that people are starting to diet, and â€Å"in 1988, Americans spent 32 billion dollars on diets and diet products (Baird: Women’s Health Fact Sheet).† A problem arises when teens start restricting their food, because dieting can be very harmful to a teenager’s still-developing body. It can also be harmful to the teen’s psychological health as well. â€Å"80% of teen girls are unhappy with their bodies and weight (Community Action: 27% of Teens in Peril from Dieting), and 50% of teen girls incorrectly believe that they are overweight, increasing the likelihood that they will diet (Strauss 741).† Dieting comes with its own host of problems which is why teens should definitely not diet because it can cause obesity, eating disorders, and nutrient deficiencies.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Some people may be surprised by the fact that dieting can actually cause obesity later. It seems like a paradox, but it really isn’t. When someone else controls the way you eat, it’s very natural to rebel. Also, when someone diets, it slows down their metabolism, and when a person starts eating like they used to, the metabolism doesn’t have any time to adjust to that, and there is a weight gain. Plus, dieting lowers a person’s blood sugar, which can trigger depression, then trigger binge eating, which leads to weight gain (Drohan 30-32). This may all seem like theory, but there have been two recent studies to explore it further. Harvard Medical School put together a study, testing this theory, and the results were surprising. What they found after testing 8,203 girls and 6,769 boys was that the adolescents who dieted frequently actually gained more weight each year than other children. Both the males and females suffered from the boomer ang effect of dieting, and gained, on average, two pounds more than the non-dieters. They then determined that the weight gain was due to the fact that when teens diet, they are restricting themselves. When a person cuts down on calories, it becomes very hard for them to control the cravings, desires, and the hunger. When they can no longer control themselves, ... ...bsp;Overall, dieting can be very dangerous. It can lead to obesity, cause eating disorders, or be the source of nutrient deficiencies. Teens diet for a variety of reasons, but they really shouldn’t, because it really can be detrimental to their health. What teens need to realize now is that if they practice unhealthy eating now, they are setting themselves up for physical and mental problems late in life, which won’t help themselves or their loved ones. A teen needs to also identify the reasons why they are thinking of dieting anyway. Yes, it might be because they are obese, but many people incorrectly believe that they are overweight, and there are causes of that, which need to be addressed. Teens diet because they are on a quest for the perfect body, but they need to realize is that their perfect body may not match the body they see on the television or in magazines. Any teen who starves herself to become thin is only setting herself up for disaster. Teens just ne ed to try to accept themselves for who they are, and then everyone else will accept them also. They need to realize that it’s not worth their health to go on a quest for the perfect body that has been airbrushed anyway.

The Debate Concerning the Legalization of Marijuana :: Legalization Marijuana Drugs essays papers

The Debate Concerning the Legalization of Marijuana The debate over the legalization of marijuana is long standing and will continue indefinitely for years to come. Both sides of this issue are passionate in their positions and provide strong arguments to support their stands. After reviewing all the information, I understand each argument but I feel strongly that it would do our country more good than harm to decriminalize marijuana. Aside from what the government would like you to think, there are actually positive effects that come from the use of marijuana. Perhaps the most popular current controversy dealing with the ongoing war on drugs is legalizing marijuana for medical purposes. As of August 1999, five western states - Alaska, Arizona, California, Oregon and Washington - passed laws legalizing the medical use of marijuana. Over the past two decades, more than 20 states and the District of Colombia have passed measures recognizing marijuana’s therapeutic value, but those did not authorize cultivation as the new measures do. Some states have made progress towards helping the chronically ill, but those in other states who are experiencing the same symptoms and dying from the same diseases deserve the same treatments. It may be a slow process, but we can only hope that every other state cares enough about their people to give them the best therapy for their illness as well. Jeff Jones, executive director and co-founder of the Oakland Cannabis Buyer’s Cooperative, remembers being 14 years old and watching his father die an agonizing death from kidney cancer. â€Å"Exactly four months after my dad passed away, I heard on CNN about Judge Young’s recommendation that marijuana should be made available for treating things like chemotherapy-induced nausea. I’ll tell you the message I got: that the federal government had been withholding valuable medicine and was indifferent to the suffering of its citizens.

Curley’s Wife “Of Mice and Men”

In Of Mice and Men, character symbolism lets the reader see what life was like in the 1930’s. Many of the characters portray a certain person that could have been living in the 1930’s. This book is about the adventures of two men, George Milton and the mentally disabled Lennie Small.They were migrant workers who had to search for work during the Great Depression. You see the friendship between the two men, and how they care for each other and try to protect each other. Author John Steinbeck does a great job of expressing character symbolism in the story.He shows how back then, the American dream was extremely hard to accomplish because of The Great Depression, and unequal rights towards women and the mentally different. Curley’s wife symbolizes how women were treated in the 1930’s. In the 1930’s women were treated as objects.They had no rights or freedom. It was impossible for women to accomplish the American dream, because woman were property of a man, giving them no independence to be something other than a housewife.My first example on how Curley’s wife was treated as an object is simply in her name, she doesn’t have one. In the story Curley’s wife is addressed as Curley’s wife. You never find out her name. This gave her and all women a persona of worthlessness, that they were just put on the earth to be mistreated housewives and not have anywhere close to the same opportunities as men. Since women didn’t have many opportunities besides prostitution, Curley’s wife didn’t have much of an exciting life. When her husband Curley was not around she would get lonely.In this quote, Curley’s wife expresses her loneliness, â€Å"’I get lonely,' she said ‘you can talk to people, but I can't talk to nobody but Curley, else he gets mad. How'd you like not to talk to nobody? ‘† (Steinbeck 87) Curley’s wife says this quote when all the men went to to wn, including her husband.It shows that she spends all her time alone, in her house as the men work in the fields. She is also not allowed to talk to anyone but her husband who spends all of this time in the fields, so she feels like she is living alone all her life.Many people dreamed for the American dream, especially Curley’s wife. Curley’s wife dreamed of being a highly paid actress. In this quote Curley;s wife is expressing her dream of being an actress,†Ã¢â‚¬â„¢Coulda been in the movies, an' had nice clothes †¦ An' I coulda sat in them big hotels, an' had pitchers took of me.When they had them previews I coulda went to them, an' spoke in the radio, an' it wouldn'ta cost me a cent because I was in the pitcher. †¦ Because this guys says I was a natural. ’† (Steinbeck 88) Here she is dreaming of a better life than the one she has now.But because of the time period it was very hard for women to accomplish their dreams let alone be allowed to have them. In Of Mice and Men, character symbolism lets the reader see what life was like in the 1930’s. Curley;s wife symbolized the level of equality that women had in the time period that took place in the story.Women were property and objects. Steinbeck does a great job of symbolism of women through Curley’s wife. He shows how back then, the American dream was extremely hard to accomplish because of The Great Depression, and unequal rights towards women and the mentally different.

Museum Marketing Mix

MARKETING TRAVEL AND TOURISM PRODUCTS AND SERVICES I – Introduction I have been offered a short period placement in the National Maritime Museum. As part of my team projects in the Marketing Department, I have to produce a brief report to describe the marketing mix of the organisation in order to examine different aspects of marketing. The National Maritime Museum located in the heart of Greenwich where is home to historically buildings and most important national collections.It is the museum itself and also is a visitor attraction, which is funded by the Government to maintain its World Heritage Site. Each year the museum attracts many visitors from all over the world to come and see a wide range of displays and to have the understanding of the seas, oceans, time and space, planets and the universe and know the importance and their relationship with people. As a tourist attraction, the museum has to produce a marketing plan to meet the needs of the market and the visitors.Mar keting mix is an essential part affect customer’s motivation for all organisations in terms of products, price, place and promotion. II – Marketing Mix 2. Products Visitors, of course, come to museum to see the arts, galleries, collections, displays and models. In the National Maritime Museum visitors can explore the astronomy and time by seeing how stars and planets are born, the Solar systems, Harrison timekeeper at the galleries. There are over two million collections relating to seafaring, astronomy, time measurement and navigation with over 9000 objects and 12,000 images in the museum.The other reason for visitors to come to the museum is that Greenwich is also a tourist destination itself, well known as a World Heritage Site. Specifically, the museum is made up of three significant sites, which are: the Royal Observatory, famous as the Greenwich Mean Time (GMT) and the Prime Meridian Line (Longitude 0 degree, the Queen’s House – the first building b uilt with the classical style in England and the National Maritime Museum galleries (Maritime galleries). These three main sites can also be separate products.They have Observatory Galleries, Planetarism in the Royal Observatory; rare portrait collections by the most famous painters Van Dyck, Gainsborough, Hogarth and Reynolds in the Queen’s House. The museum does not target any specific type of customers, they do a lot of activities to attract families with children, adults, group visit, school trips and businesses: †¢ Permanent and temporary exhibitions [pic] The museum runs many exhibitions for all people throughout the year. For example, North-West Passage, Astronomy Photographer, Jeremy Millar: Given are three highlighted exhibitions. pic] Besides, tour exhibitions are quite popular and normally full-booked as they complement activities on-site and make a tour through many places in the UK such as Beacon, Glasgow, Hull, Aberdeen, Great Yarmouth, etc†¦ Some big tour exhibitions are: Beside the Seaside on tour, Turmoil and Tranquillity on tour, Your Ocean on tour and on tour – Skin deep: a history of tattooing. [pic][pic][pic] They also offer exhibition specialise for children called All Hands and the Bridge Interactive Galleries open to families every Tuesdays weekly and uring school holidays. It all designed for children at all ages, they will be able to send a semaphore signal, load a cargo ship and more exciting is firing a cannon. This exhibition is also use for school group as a superb resource. †¢ Special Events The National Maritime Museum produces a variety of events include family events, adult programmes, school programmes, and sign-interpreted events. [pic] A lot of fun activities are offered in family events for all, for under five years old and five years old plus in particular.There are some more special events for summer holidays, half-term holidays, which are Explore Saturdays, Discover Sundays, Family Treasures and Creative Cargo. More over children can also have the opportunity to create and build their own models and stuffs such as Victory boat model, rocket, sea-monster mask and global and quadrant. [pic] Adults programmes are events supposed to help adults to go in deep the concepts and ideas of history, features in terms of the sea, time and stars which are related to the Museum’s collections through courses such as GCSE Astronomy, Introduction to Astronomy or The Solar Systems.The methods of teaching are lectures, study days, film seasons, workshops, panel discussions and tours. Study programmes are not only for adults; there are plenty of courses, study days for students from Primary, GCSE to A-level studies include Science, History, Physics, Citizenship & Geography, Business Studies, and Travel and Tourism. Provided by excellent, enthusiastic teachers giving great opportunities for students to experience and enjoy all fun activities.Especially for school visits, they provid e education resources in particular subject. [pic] [pic] Students on study day Girls doing school projects in â€Å"Your Ocean† galleries If you visit any tourist attraction we can easily see the souvenir and gift shops selling toys, books or other products related to that place. Obviously, visitors come to visit the attractions and would like to bring something home to remember that day or just to buy presents for their friends or families.In the National Maritime Museum, there is a wide range of stuffs linked to their collections and to be found by subjects such as Cards, Time and Timepieces, Telescopes & Binoculars, Maps, Globes & Exploration, Clothing and Personal accessories, Books, Toys, Kids’ bookshop, Corporate gifts, Teachers’ resources and many other things. Another essential section in the museum is restaurant and cafe area, as all visitors get tired after the whole day exploring the museum, they need to have a rest at the coffee shops and fill in the ir stomachs in the restaurants.There are two coffee bars in the Museum, The Galley where visitors can have delicious soups, hot food or they can have salads, sandwiches if fancy cold food. And the other is Paul where they can find light snacks and enjoy the seasonable drinks in the Museum. [pic] [pic] Summer drinks at the Museum Volvo corporate event The National Maritime Museum is also one of the unique venues hold many conferences, events and weddings. Businesses hire the venue not only because of the beautiful place, they want to experience the fabulous views across London and glaze the stars by having private telescope after the meetings.The Museum also provides food and drink at the venue, corporate services and photographic services. [pic] [pic] Corporate event on the Upper Deck during Queen’s House southwest parlour set up the evening for a meeting †¢ Product life cycle [pic] As I have illustrated on the graph above, there are 4 main periods of a product life cycl e which are Introduction, Growth, Maturity and the last period is either Re-growing or Decline.From my point of view, I think the National Maritime Museum is on the Maturity period as the Museum is an old organisation. Besides, to avoid declining, new events, exhibitions, study programmes are coming every month to attract more potential visitors and more coming back visitors. Moreover, they keep maintaining the attraction by planning conservation and new capital projects. They are working on the major new wing project and will be opened in 2012 in time for the London Olympics in order to grow the volume of visitors both from domestic and international. There are five key features of the new project: ? new entrance from the South new spaces for special exhibitions ? an open archive research centre ? a stylish new cafe, brasseries and shop and upgraded visitor facilities ? flexible new learning spaces [pic] The Sammy Ofer Wing Project – National Maritime Museum We can say the M useum is stepping to the re-growing period after all. Obviously, their new wing project will bring a massive growth of tourists from all over the world. 2. Price †¢ Strategies Entry to the Museum is fee as it belongs to the nation and is funded by the Government to remain the World Heritage Sites. There was a debate ages ago about the admission costs of the Museums.We all know that if the Museums increase their admission fees, they can use that income source to contribute to image-building, marketing purposes in order to reach the specifics markets. However, there were some evidences proved that the number of visitor decreased after the announcement of charging the Museum entrance fee. According to the survey result in 1988, the number of visitors at the National Maritime Museum fell by 37% in the year they imposed charges. †¢ Competitor analysis Almost Museums in the UK are fee of admission such as the National History Museum, Science Museum, Victoria and Albert Museum.Th erefore, what they are going to do to gain competitive advantage? The answer is adding value to their products and services. Although people visiting the Museum do not have to pay the admission fee, they still want to see the value of products and services offered at the attraction. The National Maritime Museum sends the message of â€Å"good value† to visitors by providing the unique collections, special exhibitions, the upper-class services to ensure that they will have a good experience when visiting the Museum without paying any money. †¢ DiscountingAlthough the Museum is funded by the Government, but it can not cover the staff’s salaries, maintenance costs, new projects and other expenses. Because of that they need to earn from other income sources as I have mentioned in the Products description above. The Museum does discounts for some products such as half-price, bye one get one free at souvenir and gifts shop, discounts for Planetarium Shows, free for chil dren under 3 years old and reduce prices for students (full time), unemployed (ES40 holders), holders of ISE youth cards, disabled visitors and seniors 60+.For disabled visitors, there is no charge if they need a helper. To have more benefits, visitors can apply for the Museum membership receiving: ? 20% percents discount on all food and drink ? Exclusive membership events and private views ? Lively programmes of talks and lectures ? Access to planetarium shows for free ? Free entry to all special exhibitions ? Free entry to Maritime Museums in the UK and Worldwide ? Exclusive access to the Members Room (tea and coffee) ? 10% discount on all products at the Museum’s shop 20% discount on river trips with City Cruises [pic] Membership subscriptions annually at National Maritime Museum (www. nmn. ac. uk) †¢ Seasonality During the winter time, people stay at home due to cold and wet weather. The Museum offers up to 20% discount on the planetarium shows and some discounts on special events and exhibitions. 3. Place †¢ Channels of distribution Visitors wish to attend the Museum’s events; exhibitions and shows can book online or get the tickets directly at the Museum. The tickets also can be sold by email Bookings.All information about booking tickets can be found easily through the Museum’s website which is www. nmm. co. uk. Besides, visitors can use telephone booking or access to the Greenwich Tourist Information Centre to buy the tickets. If people wish to buy maps, books, or other products related to the Museum’s collections, they can stay at home, see the new products and shop online through the Museum’s website. †¢ Physical location [pic] The Museum located in the heart of Maritime Greenwich World Heritage Sites. Surrounded by beautiful scenes and spectacular views.Visitors are impressed by the fabulous historic scientific sites, the stunning view from Greenwich Park where they can stand on the Meridian line, th e elegant Tulip Stairs, the Great Hall in the Queen's House, the Time Ball on top of Flamsteed House which used to tell the time at the earliest year. These features make the Museum unique. [pic] †¢ Accessibility Transport to and from the attraction: The Museum situated in Greenwich, where easily accessed by the public transports. There are many ways travelling to the Museum, which are: ;;The nearest Docklands Light Railway station is Cutty Sark. From the station, it only takes approximately six to ten minutes’ walk to the Museum. There are two underground tube stations, which are Greenwich and Maze Hill stations. It takes about 12-15 minutes from Greenwich station and 8 minutes from Maze Hill walk to the National Maritime Museum. [pic] Recommended routes from main London terminals (www. nmm. co. uk) †¢ Buses There are numerous buses service to Greenwich town centre, Greenwich Park and Royal Observatory from many parts of London.The table below shows the bus routes to Greenwich town centre: [pic] Bus routes to Greenwich Town Centre (www. nmm. co. uk) Interestingly, visitors can also take the sightseeing cruises operate from London Eye, Westminster, Tower and St. Katherine’s piers to Greenwich Pier. From there it is just over 5 minutes walk to the Museum. By taking cruises, they will enjoy the gorgeous sights along the riverside include the Palace of Westminster (Big Ben), London Eye, St Paul's Cathedral, Shakespeare's Globe, The Tower of London, Tower Bridge. By foot Exploring the Heritage Sites by walking through the long-distance walks around the Museum is such an exciting experience. Visitors can take public transports to the walking sections such as the circular Greenwich Millennium Heritage Trails, the Tower Hamlets Walks – North Thames Path to Greenwich, Lea Valley Walk, and Thames Path National Trail – Tower Bridge to Greenwich. †¢ By road Visitors can travel by their own cars by taking the M25, M11, A406, A12, and Blackwall Tunnel from the North. M25, A2 from the South.They can take the A2, M2, and A2 direct to Greenwich from Dover and M20, M25, A2 from Channel Tunnel. Accessibilities for special needs The Museum provides facilities for wheelchair users, lifts are highlighted on the map for all units, and coffee bars and restaurants are all at the ground floor for easy access. Moreover, there are provisions for people with difficulties such as deaf, blind and partially sighted visitors. Those provisions include free large-print touchable guide, audio guides and BSL signed Planetarium monthly shows for deaf visitors. pic] 4. Promotion †¢ Methods Promotion is a very important part and cannot be missed out in the marketing mix, as they need to raise awareness of new products and services or the museum’s developments. The first and most common method is advertising by distributing leaflets, posters, and press releases. The second method is sales promotion by using discounts vouch ers for joint promotion. The next method is direct marketing by sending direct mails in order to encourage people to visit the Museum and event bookings.They also hold exhibitions as trade shows target group organisers and tour operators. In addition, the Museum use different types of media such as national and local newspapers, radio stations, transport sections. †¢ Materials As a public sector organisation, the Museum cannot spend a lot of money on advertising. TV advert is very expensive then it is not necessary, the budget way of advertising is distributing leaflets, posters, and flyers to promote campaigns, special exhibitions, three Museum sites, and activities for all ages: [pic] [pic]Leaflet promoting the ‘Explore Oceans† A selection of NMM leaflets [pic] [pic] ‘Inspiring minds for free' 2006 poster campaign Joint promotion is the effective way by sharing the costs with other travel and tourism organisations. The Museum connects with those organization s to have a wider range of customers and to add value of money when people buy holidays as packages bring advantages for both sides. Discount vouchers are offered when comprising with other tourist attractions, tour companies, hotel groups and magazine promotions.The National Maritime Museum also has joint promotion with transport sector, which is c2c Train Company with 10% off at the Museum’s shop and a free pot of tea or coffee when spending over ? 4 in the cafe. [pic] c2c joint promotion Press releases are essential in marketing, as all relevant information in the Museum have to be kept up – to – date. In the museum there is a press office covers all angles from press coverage to media interest. Press officers have to produce press releases to inform the national and international media all developments at the Museum.Furthermore, they will have to work out the unique images and the ideas to use for campaign posters or to be published on newspapers. [pic] An i mage from the front cover of the Independent on Sunday, 24 March 2002, promoting the ‘Skin Deep' exhibition [pic] A 4-sheet poster on London Underground for the ‘Skin Deep' exhibition III- Explanation of how the 4Ps work together as a marketing mix in the National Maritime Museum Marketing is sending a message to keep people satisfy.Basically, marketing is all about creating false needs that means they comprise all marketing elements in order to make the wants become needs. Organisations always have to think about what people want in the future and work out what they can do to attract potential customers. Marketing elements cannot go separately, we need to put them in a pot, mix them together and that is the only thing we can alter to end up success or failure of a business. The following graphic shows the relationship between the 4Ps in the National Maritime Museum:In the National Maritime Museum we can see the mixture of products, price, place and promotion. In the mar keting mix, products and price are the most important then we use place and promotion to bring the business to the highest point of selling. All three components: Price, Place and Promotion affect the selling of Products and Services. There is no admission fee for Museum entrance, many free events and exhibitions. The word â€Å" FREE† has a big influence to every single person, therefore, more and more people coming in to see what is provided in the Museum.All planetarium shows charge with a very reasonable price (under ? 10) appeal audiences come to see the shows. In every business, normally, the Price makes a strongest influence to the selling of products and services. New products and services need to be advertised in order to raise public awareness. The Museum use leaflets, posters, flyers to promote their new shows, events and exhibitions; buy a space on the newspaper, an advert on the radio station, places big posters in the on underground station with the same purpose of driving people to their products and services.The Museum spends some money to make some money. Although they choose the budget ways of promoting to avoid not spending a large amount of money but they spend a little to make a lot. Internet booking system is the most convenient way of selling products and services. The National Maritime Museum provides many booking options in order to give the best convenience to customers to buy their products and services. The Museum is unique because of its’ Heritage Sites, people come to explore the Museum and to see the surroundings attractions.That means the Place also bring customers to the Museum, which we can understand as Products. However, the Price and Promotion are linked together as they use the Price to promote the products and services. The Museum reduces the price to have price promotion such as discount vouchers for joint promotion (10% off on all products at Museum’s shop, free a pot of tea or coffee at cafeâ€℠¢ when spending over 4 pounds). Some exhibitions are free with a purpose of promoting and targeting groups of visitors. Promotion also affects the channel of distribution.One of the promotion methods used by the Museum is direct selling. They open exhibitions, inviting people and sell directly to group organisers, tour operators, and other travel and tourism organisations. Generally, marketing mix plays a very important part of the marketing strategies. In order to reach the market changes and to gain competitive advantage, the National Maritime Museum has to work out more future plans to maintain the ever-growth volume of visitors and to attract both domestic and international visitors. Bibliography Text books: BTEC National Certificate in Travel and Tourism – Book 1 †¢ Marketing in Travel and Tourism by Victor T. C Middleton Websites: †¢ www. google. co. uk †¢ www. nmm. co. uk †¢ www. books. google. co. uk [pic] —————â €”—– Place Promotion UNIT 5: MARKETING TRAVEL &TOURISM PRODUCTS AND SERVICES Fall 08 Assignment Title: The Marketing Mix 5A Centre name: Hammersmith and West London College Learner Name: Kim Thu Dao Subject Lecturer: Matthew Cooper Deadline: 15/10/2009 BTEC NATIONAL CERTIFICATE IN TRAVEL &TOURISM YEAR 2 Price Products

Remote environment- PESTEL Essay

Industry environment-five forces Internal environment- strategic driver (industry/market, product/service, customer, channel, competitive advantage), operational driver, (cost, revenue, growth), people and organizational driver (structure, skill, capability), SWOP analysis and GAP analysis Product/market development Strategic development Vision: SEC aims to act as an agency that was high functioning, agile and intelligent, and committed to investor protection and market integrity, which is really critical to the success of economy. Mission: Restoring SEC’s vigour and credibility within the financial regulatory community as an agency and assessing what went wrong and to ensure it did not happen again. Value: vigor, credibility, high functioning, agile, intelligent, commitment, integrity. Goal: Financial Customer Internal process Learning and growth Mary set up three strategic themes to pursue, the operational levers, people and organization levers that assisted in achieving those options. Strategic option (industry/market, product/service, customer, channel, competitive advantage) (a) Assessing what needed to be done within the organization (1) SEC invested funds to restructure SEC’s largest division, get staff trained and qualified, recruit analysts etc. (2) Schapior recruited analysts and people who understood trading, market structure, corporate governance and a whole range of skill sets that would be important for the future. (3)she restructure the SEC’s largest division-â€Å"to make this regulator more responsive, more agile and clever and capable of seeing around corner to figure out where the next problems were before they hit us in the face†. (3)Schapiro leveraged the SEC talent by bringing in new constructive leadership. (4) Staffs were sent to qualify as certified fraud examiner; a whole layer of management was removed and was reassigned to the front line. (5) Specialized units was set up to focus on areas of concern such as  corrupt foreign practices, insider trading, market manipulations and structured product.(5) New technology was introduced to make the strategy work. (b) Shifting the agency’s focus back to protecting the investor Chairman Schapiro’s vision is to restore SEC’s vigour and credibility within the financial regulatory community. It is critical for the success of economy to have an agency that was high functioning, agile and intelligent, and committed to investor protection and market integrity. Chairman Schapiro also incorporated it into the SEC’s operations. (1) She put devices â€Å"investor-focused agenda† in place to ensure â€Å"a Madoff† could never happen again to the agency. (2) She encouraged everyone to think and come up with an idea of â€Å"how does it help investors† (3) Hedge funds were registered for the first time. Rules were also set for over-the-counter derivatives and asset back securities. (4) She addressed the importance of understanding the risk and having transparency that is sufficient to understand the risks. Then build the structure to ensure there is compliance with all of the rules. (5), whistleblower program was set up, which was about coordinating all tips into one central database to be able to track movement and detect securities violation, also, US Congress offer people a monetary reward if they provided information about ongoing securities law violations that led to a successful enforcement action (6) She addressed the importance of leverage, as SEC did not have adequate resources to do the job. (c) Acknowledging its mistakes Visible crises can be enormously helpful in catching people’s attention and pushing up urgency levels. Admissions of significant failures at the SEC extend back over many years and cover multiple areas of SEC operations, the credibility of the SEC as a financial regulator has never been lower. The SEC failed to discover a $50 billion Ponzi scheme at Madoff Investment Securities, despite having received allegations of wrongdoing for over a decade, suggests fundamental weaknesses in its core enforcement Change management (chapter 6) In the context of strategy, it is the realization of the strategic plan. Change management is designed to ensure the effective transition of an organization and its people from the current to future states, and is about  effectively leading and managing individuals, teams and organization to successfully adopt the changes needed to achieve required or desired business results. Kotter’s eight-step can be used to transform SEC successfully. 1, establishing a sense of urgency As initiators of the strategy, there is a need to establish a sense of urgency. Visible crises can be enormously helpful in catching people’s attention and pushing up urgency levels. Admissions of significant failures at the SEC extend back over many years and cover multiple areas of SEC operations, the credibility of the SEC as a financial regulator has never been lower. The SEC failed to discover a $50 billion Ponzi scheme at Madoff Investment Securities, despite having received allegations of wrongdoing for over a decade, suggests fundamental weaknesses in its core enforcement 2, forming a powerful guiding coalition It is critical to create a guiding coalition to build urgency and momentum for the change, it is crucial to identify key people from different areas of the organization who would be willing and able to manage the change. It is important to get this group operating as a team early in the process. (a) Mary set up new senior team, which consisted of analysts and people who understood trading, market structure, corporate governance and a whole range of skill sets. (b) Thousands of staffs were grouped into specialized units to focus on areas of concern such as corrupt foreign practices, insider trading, market manipulation and structured product etc 3, creating a vision and strategy Creating a clear and concise vision helps the organization to have a clear picture of the future so that it can align, concentrate and coordinate the efforts of everyone to achieve the final goal. Chairman Schapiro’s vision is to restore SEC’s vigour and credibility within the financial regulatory community. It is critical for the success of economy to have an agency that was high functioning, agile and intelligent, and committed to investor protection and market integrity. Chairman Schapiro also incorporated it into the SEC’s operations. 4, communicating the visions The vision needs to be communicated properly, regularly and impressively using every vehicle possible. Chairman Schapiro has engaged in significant public speaking in which she has regularly and repeatedly informed and reminded the SEC staff and various elements of the public about the SEC’s recommitment to investor protection and the linkage of that vision to structural and operational changes at the SEC. 5, empowering others to act and eliminating obstacles The organization should empower the change managers to make changes to its structure and processes so that these align with the change vision, facilitating the readiness for change and removing any obstacles for change. Many of the structural and operational reforms implemented by Chairman Schapiro appear to be designed to empower SEC staff members for action that carries forward the change vision of the SEC. The restructuring of the Division of Enforcement was geared to clear structural barricades to effective enforcement efforts. The decision to retain staff with â€Å"non-traditional skills† and the implementation of new staff training are examples of efforts to remedy skill deficits. Human resources and information systems have been or are being improved in response to deficiencies identified in the SEC 6, planning for and crating short-term wins Because the organizational change process is slow and constituents can be impatient, it is important for a change leader to accomplish certain limited objectives in the short term. During her tenure, the agency’s work force brought about a record number of enforcement actions and achieved significant regulatory reform to protect investors. 7, consolidating improvements and producing still more change Kotter suggests analyzing the change implementation and improving it where appropriate through continuous improvement and new programs. Although a rapid, consistent pace of change at the SEC was sustained, Chairman Schapiro as well as other SEC change leaders, needed to maintain the change momentum by continuing to introduce reforms on a regular basis. Until changed practices attain a new equilibrium and have been driven into the culture, they can be very  fragile.†Ã¢â‚¬Ëœ To reach that equilibrium, in addition to engaging in more and continuous change, the SEC should bring in additional change agents, continue to foster leadership from its senior managers, recruit and nurture project management and leadership from lower ranks in the hierarchy, and identify and decrease or eliminate unnecessary internal structural and operational interconnections that often make change efforts more complex. 8, institutionalizing new approaches It is fundamental to make sure the change has been implemented and embedded clearly in behaviors, shared values and the daily operations of the organization. Accordingly, it was of importance to understand the applicable behavioural norms and shared values of the SEC Because the core vision of investor protection should not be entirely inconsistent with the SEC’s culture, these and other change leaders at the SEC should be able to â€Å"graft the new practices onto the old roots while killing off the inconsistent pieces.† The important thing will be for the SEC’s change leaders to continue to remember the organization’s heritage and link it to the organization’s new and ongoing operations. Why change is hard Transformational leadership Where a change in the mind-set of the organization is required or where the shared beliefs, values, and culture of an organization need to be completed transformed. Key phases of transformational leaderships A need for change is identified and communicated Transformation starts when a need for change is felt. Once the need to transform is identified, it must be communicated to people in the organization.Visible crises can be enormously helpful in catching people’s attention and pushing up urgency levels. Admissions of significant failures at the SEC extend back over many years and cover multiple areas of SEC operations, the credibility of the SEC as a financial regulator has never been lower. The SEC failed to discover a $50 billion Ponzi scheme at Madoff Investment Securities, despite having received allegations of wrongdoing for  over a decade, suggests fundamental weaknesses in its core enforcement. Chairman Schapiro also communicated the need of change to people in organization and pulic.Chairman Schapiro has engaged in significant public speaking in which she has regularly and repeatedly informed and reminded the SEC staff and various elements of the public about the SEC’s recommitment to investor protection and th e linkage of that vision to structural and operational changes at the SEC. -The leader provides an alternative vision for future, which is idealistic yet based in reality as so to encourage people to commit to implementing it. Chairman Schapiro’s vision is to restore SEC’s vigour and credibility within the financial regulatory community. It is critical for the success of economy to have an agency that was high functioning, agile and intelligent, and committed to investor protection and market integrity. Chairman Schapiro also incorporated it into the SEC’s operations. -After implemented, the transformation embeds the change into the organization and makes it permanent. If the change is not reinforce continually over the implementation period, it often slowly unwinds. Although a rapid, consistent pace of change at the SEC was sustained, Chairman Schapiro as well as other SEC change leaders, needed to maintain the change momentum by continuing to introduce reforms on a regular basis. Until changed practices attain a new equilibrium and have been driven into the culture, they can be very fragile.†Ã¢â‚¬Ëœ To reach that equilibrium, in addition to engaging in more and continuous change, the SEC shouldbring in additional change agents, continue to foster leadership from its senior managers, recruit and nurture project management and leadership from lower ranks in the hierarchy, and identify and decrease or eliminate unnecessary internal structural and operational interconnections that often make change efforts more complex.