Value-Neutrality Paper Associated with Counseling Essay Example for Free

Value-Neutrality Paper Associated with Counseling Essay When working in the counseling field, one must remain neutral about issues that a client is suffering from. A counselor should not criticize a client for what he or she may believe in and should make ethical decisions when dealing with his or her clients. Within this paper, one will locate personal beliefs on ethical decisions, factors that might lead a counselor to referring a client to another counselor and, what would a counselor do if a referral is not an option. As a counselor, remaining value-neutral to a client’s situation should always be practiced with ethical decision-making. A counselor should remain neutral to all issues that a client is in session for to give the client the necessary help that is needed. If a counselor expresses moral judgment to a client in regards to his or her issue, the client can become resistant to the therapy session and the counselor. A client comes to the counselor because they are looking for help not to be judged or looked at negatively (Module 3 Lecture). With the issues stated above, I would be able to have a therapy session with a client, even though I am against all of the issues. Personally, I would stay away from my own values and beliefs so that no problems will arise within our counseling relationship. An example is that if I were to use my own values in a therapeutic session with a client, it would be only to allow the client to see that I was not successful with a similar issue they are facing. Out of nine ethical-decision making models that were created for counselors, no two models were alike but had similarities. Most of the models stated for one to identify the problem, consult the ethic codes, think about the consequences of the decision, and choose what is best for the client (Remley Herlihy, 2010). With ethical-decision making, as a counselor one must integrate a model that fits them personally to help the client because no one model works for everyone. If a counselor is faced with a client who suffers from any of these issues, the counselor has to work with the client to help them with his or her situation. Be mindful to the issue that the client is facing and if you are not experienced and do not fully understand, get help from another counselor who is more experienced in that area. A factor that may lead a counselor to refer a client to another counselor is handled case by case for the best outcome for the client. Reasons would be, if the client has come to a counselor that is not trained to treat the condition the client needs help with, dual relationships, insurance reasons, financial abilities of an agency, or if the client and counselor is having difficulties relating. If referring a client was not an option, I would work with another counselor to gain the necessary knowledge that is needed to treat my client and make the situation professional (Module 3 Lecture).

Different Gaits used by Bipeds and Quadrupeds

Different Gaits used by Bipeds and Quadrupeds Gait can be defined as the manner by which an animal moves.   This essay will detail the standard gaits of bipeds and quadrupeds in addition to the underlying concepts of these gaits and examples of the animals which practice them.   There are a number of technical terms used to describe gaits which will be outlined along with the classification of various gaits. Stride is defined as a complete cycle of leg movements, i.e. a select foot being set down to the next setting of the same foot, where each foot is only lifted and set down once in each stride.   Stride is further described by stride frequency, f, the number of strides per unit time, and stride length, ÃŽ », the distance travelled in a stride.   Thus, average speed, v, of an animals gait can be defined as fÃŽ ». The duty cycle of a foot is defined as the duration the foot is on the ground as a fraction of the stride.   In most gaits, the left and right feet of a pair have approximately equal duty factors.   Generally, in bipeds, when the duty factor is greater than 0.5 the gait is a walk (both feet on the ground at some point) and when it is less than 0.5 it is a run (both feet off the ground at some point). The relative phase of a foot is defined as the time the foot is set down as a fraction of the stride.   The first foot of a stride is assigned relative phase 0 and the rest have a relative phase between 0 and 1. There are four different classifications of gaits for bipeds: walk, run, skip and hop.   The walk and run gaits have symmetrical footfalls and alternating legs swings, whereas the skip and hop gaits have asymmetrical footfalls and synchronised legs swings. Bipedal walking in humans is described as a pendulum movement of the legs with the hips scribing a circular trajectory for each step.   Humans use walking as their primary gait as it is the most highly efficient and least energy consuming gait for them.   This efficiency comes from the pendulum movement of the legs; the basic principle of a swinging pendulum is conservation of mechanical energy: as potential energy increases, kinetic energy decreases and vice versa.   This helps minimise the metabolic energy required while walking as there is not net mechanical energy, making walking a very efficient gait for humans.   (www.physicsclassroom.com) Running, a faster gait, is a almost always more energy expending that walking for all animal.   The maximum walking speed is reached, at which the walk must change to a run, when the Froude number equals 1.0.   The Froude number, Fr, is dimensionless and can be defined by where v is the velocity, g is acceleration due to gravity and l is leg length.   Humans will spontaneously switch from a walk to a run at some point between a Froude number of 0.5 and 1.0, when the walking speed becomes less energy efficient than the same running speed. Skipping and hopping gaits are not often used by humans are they are less energy efficient and more unstable than the other two.   However, there are some bipedal animals that favour the skip or hop gait.   For example, hopping (when both feet have a relative phase of 0) can be advantageous in kangaroos as the legs are powerful enough to yield sufficient air time.   Similarly, skipping (when the relative phases of one foot is 0 and the other 0.3) was the preferred gait by many astronauts on the Apollo missions as the lesser force of gravity let arise to strides with long air time, making the gait highly energy efficient. Quadruped gaits are similar to the bipedal gaits, but with more precisely defined variety.   Quadrupeds may walk by walking or ambling; run by trotting or pacing; skip by cantering or galloping; hop by bounding or pronking.   The gaits are classified by the relative phase of each foot as seen below: Most quadrupeds are not capable of all gaits due to variables in their body (e.g. leg length, knee bend, foot position, foot size, etc.) and favour certain gaits over others due to energy expenditure.   Quadrupeds generally use symmetric gaits for slower running and asymmetric gaits for faster running.   For example, a horse with increasing speed will walk, trot, canter then gallop as it becomes more energy efficient to do so.   The trot is the most common run for quadrupeds, although camels pace and wildebeests change directly from a walk to a canter.   Quadrupeds like turtles, with slow muscles, can only walk, lifting one leg up at a time to maintain balance in the remaining three feet on the ground. In conclusion, bipeds and quadrupeds move by a variety of gaits, choosing the most suitable and energy efficient. Zoe Gargulak References       Michael W. Whittle, 2007, Gait Analysis: An Introduction R. McN. Alexander, 1984, The Gaits of Bipedal and Quadrupedal Animals http://www.physicsclassroom.com/mmedia/energy/pe.cfm (accessed: 14/03/16) R. McN. Alexander, 2004, Bipedal Animals, and their Differences from Humans Hugh Tyndale-Biscoe, 2005, Life of Marsupials Alberto E. Minetti, 1998, The Biomechanics of Skipping Gaits: a Third Locomotion Paradigm? Physical Principles of Biological Processes 2 (16B), 2017, Lecture 5: Posture and Gait

The History and Importance of Personal Hygiene Essay -- Health, Wellne

Personal hygiene is a major part of your everyday life. It includes brushing your teeth, taking a shower, applying deodorant, wearing clean clothes, cooking your food properly, and washing your hands when necessary. There are many different types of hygiene and different ways of doing them. The types of hygiene are food and cooking hygiene, medical hygiene, and personal hygiene, there is even such a thing as excessive hygiene. Excessive hygiene may cause allergic diseases. Some parts of the body like the ear canal, or inside of the vagina are mostly better left alone for the body's own cleaning systems. Also, excessive application of soaps, creams, and ointments can adversely affect certain of the body's natural processes. For example, soaps and ointments can reduce the skins natural protective oils, and some substances can be absorbed and, even in trace amounts, disturb natural hormonal balances. The ear canals are an example of a self cleaning part of your body. So they have a per fectly functioning cleaning system of their own, and don't normally need assistance. Actually, attempt...

The Daval Snuff Project :: essays research papers

Two summers ago I started working at this gun shop. Its not a great job but its money I didn't have before. While working there, I met a guy by the name of Daval Snuff. He's real smart(even though he dropped out of highschool) funny, nice, and knows a lot about guns. Two of Daval's best friends, BoodaSac and Feebus, told that he had a little crush on me. The problem was, I already had a boyfriend.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  When I told Daval about Bobbio, my boyfriend, he threatened to kill him.He said he would literally kill him over me. It may sound weird but, I was flattered.I didn't know if he was serious about it or not, so I took a vacation.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  While on vacation I went to church and had a good prayer with Pastor Mickey. He simply told me not to believe him. On the fourth coming day of her vacation the guys at work told me that Bobbio had stopped by the store. They also mentioned that he met Daval...   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  When I called Bobbio no one answered, I got suspious. Little did I know that Daval had invited him to go hunting. What Bobbio didn't know was that Daval was hunting for HIM...   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Little did Daval know, Bobbio was a trained asassign for the MM(Mexican Mafia). Bobbio knew something was up when Daval shot him with a tranquilizer dart, but Bobbio being the trained assasign that he is took the dart out and sucked the poison out and spit it in Daval's eye.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The deadly poison from the dart severly wounded Daval's eyes leaving him blind and alone.With Bobbio gone, Daval was left to fend for himself.

Faithful Elephants Book Review Essay

Greed. Fear. Anger. These traits define the human being. No matter how rational, how sensible or reasonable a person can be, these attributes linger about them, silent, like a shadow. In times of peril, when pressure is great, often people are unable to control their savage inner instincts, and these characteristics explode out of them, gripping them tightly, seizing them from the inside, consuming them. When that happens, the human being can become unpredictable and volatile. And with them, follows great sadness. Many of these traits, and more, are present in the book ‘Faithful Elephants’, causing the lives of three innocent animals to be taken. The protagonists of the story – John, Tonky, and Wanly – are forced to endure such pain, paying for others sins. Despite this, they are still faithful and loyal to their once-loving masters, even though they have been betrayed over and over again by them. Spun from the hands of Yukio Tsuchia, Faithful Elephants begins with a startling bout of activity – it is staged during WWII, at the climax of the war. The leaders of Japan, afraid of Allied bombings, declared that all vicious or harmful animals were to be killed. Should a bomb detonated near the zoo, the animals might have escaped, and harm the general public. This was enforced in all zoos, and the Tokyo zoo was no exception. Gone were the tigers, lions, bears, and snakes, all poisoned to death. It gave the zookeepers great pain, but they were kept a stern eye on by the government, and were forced to kill the animals. Finally it came to the day in which the three Elephants were to die. Due to the fact that the elephant’s were smart enough not to eat poisoned food, and also strong enough to not be effected by poison syringes, the zookeepers decided to starve the animals to death. They could often be seen performing their ‘Bonzai’ trick, which normally would have earned them food and water. Alas, even though the keepers did all they could to try and keep the animals alive, the elephants, as innocent and pure as they were, died later. After inspection, they were found without a single drop of food nor water in their shrunken stomachs. I personally think that this story reflects how damaging conflict is to people. The Japanese public were hurt, the keepers were hurt, the Elephants, mere animals, were hurt. It displays the voracity of human beings, and their warmongering instincts. I believe that this should never happen again to anyone or anything on the globe. Such damage, as devastating it is physically, strikes a huge mental blow into the minds of commonpeople. Everyone is effected, with us all paying the toll of the wars. Hopefully, this will truly be the ‘war-to-end-all-wars’ and remind the people of earth to strive to solve conflict peacefully, with minimum use of force. Of course, this will be very hard to do, but I have a strong confidence that we will be able to accomplish this goal. During the reading of this book, I was both deeply touched and angered. How could such a horrendous thing happen? Instantaneously, words sprang to my mind as I read on. Betrayal. Devastation. Torture. These three words burned a hole in my mind, mentally fusing into my thought. It would be less cruel to shoot them, or hang them. Causing them to endure such pain is an unthinkable prospect, something I am sure the zookeepers would agree with. However, this is a valuable lesson to people, as I know people understand. Already, we have formed peacekeeping organizations to promote harmony and tranquility, the most famous of which is the UN. With these considerations in the minds and hearts of our people, I hope that this will teach us that we do not benefit from war. I also must stress how deeply I had thought about another message from the book – the value of life. No mater how large, nor how small, animals and humans alike should all be treated equally. The zookeepers in the book understand this, having treated their animals with respect and care. Animals have limited lifespans too. We often mistake them as ‘dumb’ or ‘without feeling’. This is not true, as obviously stated by the book. The animals were still loyal to their masters, and were smart enough to attempt to find a way for the masters to feed them, shown by their performance of the ‘bonsai’ trick. As I read the book, I was stunned. I could really feel like I was in the action, with scenes swirling into my mind. The author could really paint a vivid picture in my head, with both detail and suspense. I was also amazed simply because when I had read the book, I had almost begun to believe that I was the main character, I was in the middle of the action. And I am not talking about being a zookeeper, either. I was imagining I was an elephant. I could imagine their strong, bulky bodies shrinking to dull husks. I could imagine their deteriorating health, their pleading ‘bonsai’ trick performances. I was completely astonished. This book reminds me of another book I read, â€Å"When My Name Was Keoko†. In the book, one of the main characters also dies, having being forced into the war. Both the Elephants, and When My Name Was Keoko’s character, die, despite the fact that they are completely innocent. They die simply because of the war, because of other’s greed. Overall, I really loved this book. By fusing a cleverly created plot, real facts, painstaking detail and a good narrative voice into the story, I was captivated by this book. I would personally recommend anyone who would need a good book to read this one, and it is one of the best and most moving books I’ve read in a long while. A great read.

Relations of Television Viewing and Reading Essay

A lot of studies concerning television viewing impacts on students’ academic performance have been made, but there are still questions related to this that are needed to be answered. To bring more clarifications in this aspect, Marco Ennemoser and Wolfgang Scheider conducted the study entitled â€Å"Relations of Television Viewing and Reading: Findings From a 4-Year Longitudinal Study†. As stated in the article, the study aims to determine the long-term effects of television viewing on the development of children’s reading competencies. After conducting scientific processes and methods among German children, the researchers were able to conclude that television viewing has a negative effect on students’ reading skills. The article was generally informative and reliable. There were some technical errors in the writing procedure, but the study itself was a success. Summary On the first part of the article, the researchers discussed four inhibition hypotheses which plausibly explain how television viewing may hinder one’s reading development. These inhibition hypotheses are: 1. Displacement hypothesis – reading time may be displaced by television watching. 2. Passivity hypothesis – low mental effort in television watching may anchor reduced effort in reading and writing. 3. Concentration Deterioration hypothesis – television’s rapid changes in context and pacing may cause children’s inability to concentrate on a task. 4. Reading Depreciation hypothesis – Students’ motivation in investing energy in learning may diminish due to pleasant experiences with television. After discussing these hypotheses, the researchers enlighten up the positive side by referring to facilitation hypothesis. This hypothesis views television as a facilitator to one’s reading development. Then, other factors affecting children’s intellectual ability such as IQ and SES were discussed. Methodological problems among previous studies explaining relationship between television watching and academic achievement were given attention. The researchers analyzed the flaws in their methodologies in order to create a better methodological design for their own study. The study was conducted for 4 years among 2 age cohorts of German children. Cohort 1 is composed of kindergarten students, while cohort 2 is composed second grade students. Their families also collaborated with the researchers to keep records of their viewing time and the genre of the programs they were viewing. Tests were given to measure their reading speed and reading comprehension. Data gathered from the 4-year study were analyzed. Results showed that TV genre affected the students’ reading achievement. Educational programs had positive effects on their reading achievement. On the other hand, entertainment programs were negatively correlated with reading comprehension. The results also showed that viewing type/duartion (light, medium, and heavy) is related to their reading progress over time. Light and medium viewers have faster reading progress compared to the heavy viewers. Critique In the research paper of Marco Ennemoser and Wolfgang Scheider, hypotheses concerning the effects of television viewing on reading achievement were discussed. This is actually a good start. Putting up background information about possible results of the study would create a better understanding on readers’ perspective. This gave them the opportunity to relate studies’ results to formulated hy However, the hypotheses reviewed by the researchers seem to be lacking. On a studyconducted by Mary Antonette De Ocampo of Univeristy of the Philippines – Diliman, 2 more theories behind child’s television viewing werecited. The first one is the information processing theory which, according to her thesis paper, says that â€Å"learners are viewed as active seekers and processors of information† (De Ocampo, 2007). The other one is the short-term gratification theory which, also according to her thesis paper, says that â€Å"television programming promotes short attention spans and quick fix magical answers that are non-conducive to high levels of school success†(De Ocampo, 2007). Results shown by Marco Ennemoser and Wolfgang Scheider’s study reflect these two hypotheses cited in De Ocampo’s study. If these were included in their study, then these two hypotheses would be enlightened and there would be more contribution to the body knowledge of television viewing. Methods were expounded all throughout the paper but not in a concise manner. There were cases wherein concepts related to methods were discussed more than once. It would be more convenient to readers if methodological processes were summed up into one section. Through this, it would be easier to locate the overall procedure conducted in the study. Materials, equipment, and procedure were also not explained well in the article. According to Kastenset. al. , method section of a scientific paper must include description of materials, procedure, and theory (www. ldeo. columbia. edu, nd. ). Descriptions are needed so that readers would be able to understand the context meaning of certain words included in the paper. For example, the study did not describe what general audience entertainment programs are and how they differ from educational programs. There was a gray line between those two. There are educational programs which could be entertainment programs, too. There is a need for clarifications of descriptions. This very crucial in the conduction of study because the parents, who will record the TV programs genre watched by their children, must be informed well so that they would be able to classify the genre of certain TV programs. Yes, the researchers listed the title of educational programs in their study, but how about the audience entertainment programs? Also, descriptions are important in this for future reference.

The Youth Through Prevention And Detection,...

Abstract Juveniles navigate through a corrections system that is constantly changing. This research paper is dedicated to those that work with the youth through prevention and detection, rehabilitation, and establishing a future for juvenile justice. I will be focusing on what causes youth to become involved in the juvenile justice system, how we can help them get back on track and how to keep them moving forward in the right direction. In addition, the rehabilitation of the juveniles is fundamental to their success- how it is determined whether they are eligible for rehabilitation services and how the methods are decided will be key to the final determination on success. Finally, through research on the various ways we currently educate and reprimand our youth, I will be identifying how effective we currently are and what we can do differently to become more effective. Sam, a four year old preschool student, has been identified as an â€Å"at-risk† child after a referral from his teacher. The student exhibits anti-social behaviors, temper tantrums and aggression toward students and teachers. How has the teacher come to the conclusion that this child was indeed â€Å"at-risk†? Who will this referral be sent to? How will this child be helped? Through studies on young children in a variety of structured settings, numerous factors have been identified that lead children to become offenders. Organizations have begun implementing programs to determine the best way to helpShow MoreRelatedRestorative And Restorative Justice System3870 Words   |  16 PagesRestorative verses Retributive Justice Approaches in Context Background The criminal justice system is a set of agencies and processes established by governments to control crime and impose penalties on those who violate laws. Different jurisdictions have diverse laws, agencies, and ways of managing criminal justice processes. In recent years, it has been debated that the criminal justice system has two primary and possibility conflicting perspectives known as the retributive justice approach and the restorativeRead MoreCommunity Health Nursing Final Exam Study Guide Essay15874 Words   |  64 Pagesindividualized. Medication management; wrap around services. They can help link with resources. Assessments to take a look at evaluation piece. Are the therapies working for them and making them the best they can be? 3. Caregiver stress and prevention measures that can be done by nurses? (pg. 351, 377) Caregiver burden: the physical, psychological, emotional, social and financial problems that can be experienced by those who provide care for impaired others People become caregivers becauseRead MoreMedicare Policy Analysis447966 Words   |  1792 PagesB—Enhanced penalties for fraud and abuse Subtitle C—Enhanced Program and Provider Protections Subtitle D—Access to Information Needed to Prevent Fraud, Waste, and Abuse TITLE VII—MEDICAID AND CHIP Subtitle A—Medicaid and Health Reform Subtitle B—Prevention Subtitle C—Access Subtitle D—Coverage Subtitle E—Financing Subtitle F—Waste, Fraud, and Abuse Subtitle G—Puerto Rico and the Territories Subtitle H—Miscellaneous TITLE VIII—REVENUE-RELATED PROVISIONS TITLE IX—MISCELLANEOUS PROVISIONS DIVISION

The Failure of Prohibition Essay - 3638 Words

The Failure of Prohibition There are many contributing factors to why prohibition was introduced on 16 January 1920. The two factors that I have chosen to answer the question, how did they contribute to prohibition being passed as a law, are the Anti-Saloon League (ASL) and the Women’s Christian Temperance Union (WCTU). These both campaigned to try and get prohibition passed as a lawThe Women’s Christian Temperance Union (WCTU) was formed in 1875 and was led by Frances Willard, but the movement of women to try and get prohibition passed as a law had started before this. It was Elizabeth Thompson who sat with friends outside the saloons of Kansas praying for the saloons to be closed down. This†¦show more content†¦They also said that women were the victims of drunken behaviour. It was often the case that women would be the subjects of beatings and violent behaviours towards their children. The WCTU also made the point that the women were being neglected because of the saloons. Their point was that the men would spend all of their hard-earned money in the saloons before they got home. These facts where told to the politicians by means of letters sent to them and rallies. The politicians now had to take notice of them and they couldn’t ignore the fact that prohibition was a popular law to be passed. ====================================================================== The WCTU also used the dangers of alcohol as another tactic to try and get the saloons closed down. They claimed that alcohol was damaging to health and said that by the men going to the saloons it was a risk for them, which in turn put stress on his family. The diseases that the WCTU blamed the alcohol for were gout, plasy, dropsy and epilepsy, but due to recent research it is now known that alcohol dose not cause these diseases but aggravates them. Another way that the WCTU contributed to the introduction of prohibition was to tell the people of America that their cultures were under threat. 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Prohibition very much contributed to theRead More Prohibition Essay1235 Words   |  5 PagesProhibition Prohibition, â€Å"The Noble Experiment,† was a great and genius idea on paper, but did not go as planned. With illegal activities still increasing and bootlegging at its all time high, it was no wonder the idea crumbled. Could they have revised the law to make it more effective? If so, would the law be in place today, and how would that have changed our lives today? Although it was brief, Prohibition will remain a huge part of America’s history. Completely illegalizing the productionRead MoreIdentification And Evaluation Of Sources1315 Words   |  6 Pageswill explore the question: What were the causes that lead to Prohibition s failure in the United States? This investigation will follow the years 1893 through 1933 to analyze the reasons for Prohibition s failure as well as a shift away from Prohibition. 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